Polymeric composite including nanoparticle filler
Disclosed is a novel polymeric composite including a nanoparticle filler and method for the production thereof. More particularly, the present invention provides a novel halloysite nanoparticle filler which has the generally cylindrical or tubular (e.g. rolled scroll-like shape), in which the mean outer diameter of the filler particle is typically less than about 500 nm. The filler is effectively employed in a polymer composite in which the advantages of the tubular nanoparticle filler are provided (e.g., reinforcement, flame retardant, chemical agent elution, etc.) with improved or equivalent mechanical performance of the composite (e.g., strength and ductility).
1. A method for producing a polymer composite part, including:
obtaining a tubular clay filler material;
surface modifying the tubular clay filler material;
air milling the surface treated material;
drying the material;
combining the dried material with a polymer to form a composite mixture; and
forming the composite mixture into the part.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein surface modifying includes exposing said tubular clay material to benzalkonium chloride in the range of about 0.5 percent to about 1.0 percent.
3. The method of claim 1 , further including forming the composite using a manufacturing process selected from the group consisting of:
coating;
molding;
rotomolding;
thermoforming;
vacuum forming;
calendaring;
matched-die molding;
hand lay-up;
filament winding;
casting;
forging;
extrusion;
co-extrusion;
fiber extrusion;
compounding, and
film extrusion.
4. The method of claim 1 , further including molding the polymer composite using a molding process selected from the group consisting of: compression; transfer; injection; blow; extrusion; expandable-bead; and foam.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein surface modifying said tubular clay filler material includes exposing said material to a compatibilization agent.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said compatibilization agent is an organic compound.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said organic compound is a neutral organic compound.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein said organic compound is an ionic organic compound.
9. A method for producing a polymer composite part, including:
obtaining a tubular clay filler material;
surface modifying the tubular clay filler material, wherein surface modifying said tubular clay filler material includes exposing said material to a compatibilization agent which is a neutral organic compound is selected from the group consisting of:
monomers; oligomers; and polymers;
air milling the surface treated material;
drying the material;
combining the dried material with a polymer to form a composite mixture; and
forming the composite mixture into the part.
10. The method of claim 9 , where said polymers are copolymers.
11. The method of claim 5 , wherein said compatibilization agent is selected from the group consisting of: organosilane; organozirconate; and organotitanate agents.
12. The method of claim 5 , further including air milling the tubular clay filler.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tubular clay filler is combined with said polymer to produce a composite including a range of about 1 to about 20 weight-percent tubular clay filler.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tubular clay filler is combined with said polymer to produce a composite including a range of about 3 to about 10 weight-percent tubular clay filler.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tubular clay filler is combined with said polymer to produce a composite including about 5 weight-percent tubular clay filler.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein combining includes blending by extruding said materials under flowing nitrogen.
17. The method of claim 1 , further including adding at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: colorants, antioxidants, emulsifiers, biocides, antifungal agents, pesticides, fragrances, dyes, optical brighteners, self-healing polymers and plasticizers, and fire retardants.
18. The method of claim 1 , further including:
coating the tubular clay filler with a metal;
drying the coated tubular clay filler to provide hollow micro-capillary spaces; and
filling the micro-capillary spaces by exposing the dried tubular clay filler to an active agent and the agent's carrier or solvent.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the tubular clay filler is coated by electroless deposition.
20. The method of claim 18 , further including applying the composite on a surface to provide a conductive coating thereon.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein surface modifying said tubular clay filler material includes exposing said material to a compatibilization agent which consists essentially a quaternary ammonium compound.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein said quaternary ammonium compound includes benzalkonium chloride.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein said benzalkonium chloride is in the range of about 0.5 percent to about 1.0 percent.