Explosives detection using differential mobility spectrometry
The invention relates generally to ion mobility based systems, methods and devices for analyzing samples and, more particularly, in some embodiments to compact GC-DMS systems, methods, and devices employing enhanced GC column temperature control and configurations to identify various sample constituents.
1. A system for analyzing a material including a taggant additive comprising,
an ionization source for ionizing a portion of the material and taggant additive into material ions and taggant ions,
an ion filter having filter electrodes between which an asymmetric electric field is formed, the asymmetric electric field for dispersing the material ions and taggant ions, and
a controller for adjusting at least one condition of the ion filter to separate a portion of the taggant ions from the material ions.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the taggant includes a material capable of surviving an explosion.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the taggant includes at least one of DMNB, o-MNT (ortho-mononitrotoluene) and p-MNT (para-mononitrotoluene).
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the material includes an explosive material.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the explosive material includes at least one of HMX, Tetryl, PETN, RDX, NG, TNT, EGDN, DNT, o-MNT, p-MNT, DMNB, TATP, HMTD and AN.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the condition includes one of an amount of a dopant, pressure level, magnitude of a compensation field, magnitude of the asymmetric electric field, frequency of the asymmetric electric field, duty cycle of the asymmetric electric field, and flow rate.
7. The system of claim 1 comprising a gas chromatograph (GC) for introducing the material including a taggant to the ionization source.
8. The system of claim 1 comprising a detector for detecting at least one of the taggant ions and material ions that exit the ion filter.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the detector includes a positively biased electrode and a negatively biased electrode.
10. The system of claim 1 comprising a data store including one or more sets of conditions of the filter associated with one or more spectra of the material ions and the taggant ions, wherein the controller is configured to compare a detected spectrum with the one or more spectra of the data store to identify one or both of the material and taggant additive.
11. A method for analyzing a material including a taggant additive comprising:
ionizing a portion of the material and taggant additive into material ions and taggant ions,
flowing a portion of the material ions and taggant ions through an ion filter having filter electrodes between which an asymmetric electric field is formed,
dispersing the material ions and taggant ions using the asymmetric electric field, and
adjusting at least one condition of the ion filter to separate a portion of the taggant ions from the material ions.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the taggant includes a material capable of surviving an explosion.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the taggant includes at least one of DMNB, o-MNT (ortho-mononitrotoluene) and p-MNT (para-mononitrotoluene).
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the material includes an explosive material.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the explosive material includes at least one of HMX, Tetryl, PETN, RDX, NG, TNT, EGDN, DNT, o-MNT, p-MNT, DMNB, TATP, HMTD and AN.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the condition includes one of an amount of a dopant, pressure level, magnitude of a compensation field, magnitude of the asymmetric electric field, frequency of the asymmetric electric field, duty cycle of the asymmetric electric field, and flow rate.
17. The method of claim 11 comprising, prior to ionizing, eluting the material including a taggant from a gas chromatograph (GC).
18. The method of claim 11 comprising detecting at least one of the taggant ions and material ions that exit the ion filter.
19. The method of claim 18 comprising concurrently detecting positive and negative ions.
20. The method of claim 18 comprising comparing a detected spectrum with one or more spectra of a data store to identify one or both of the material and taggant additive at one or more sets of conditions of the filter associated with one or more spectra of the material ions and the taggant ions.