Low equivalent weight ionomer
View Patent ↗An ionomer and a process for forming the ionomer such that the ionomer has (1) low equivalent weight (below 950, preferably between 625 and 850, and most preferably between 675 and 800) and (2) high conductivity (greater than 0.13 S/cm). In another embodiment, the invention is an ionomer having (1) low equivalent weight (below 950, preferably between 625 and 850, and most preferably between 675 and 800) and (2) acceptably low hydration (less than about 120 weight percent). These ionomers are capable of being processed into thin film and are extremely well-suited for low humidity or high temperature fuel cell applications.
1. A process for making a fluorinated polymer comprising the steps of:
a) forming a mixture of deionized water, a perfluorinated surfactant, a liquid perfluorinated hydrocarbon having a molecular weight below 2000 and an ionomeric monomer;
b) subjecting said mixture to high shear mixing to form a mini-emulsion having a droplet size between 50 and 500 nm;
c) pressurizing said mini-emulsion in an agitated reactor with at least one substantially fluorinated alkene gas;
d) initiating polymerization with a free radical initiator in said reactor;
e) maintaining a known pressure of the substantially fluorinated alkene gas for a period of time; and
f) recovering said fluorinated polymer.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the substantially fluorinated alkene is tetrafluoroethylene.
3. The process of claim 2 where the perfluorinated surfactant is ammonium perfluoro octanoate.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the ionomeric monomer has the formula CF 2 ═CF—O—CF 2 CF(CF 3 )—O—CF 2 CF 2 —SO 2 F.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the initiator is ammonium persulfate.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the concentration of ammonium perfluoro octanoate in aqueous solution is less than about 0.5 percent by weight; the concentration of the ionomeric monomer is less than about 10 percent by weight, the concentration of liquid hydrocarbon with molecular weight less than 2000 is less than about 5% by weight, and the concentration of the ammonium persulfate is less than about 0.01 percent by weight.