High work function transparent conductors
View Patent ↗There is provided a transparent conductor including conductive nanoparticles and at least one of (a) a fluorinated acid polymer and (b) a semiconductive polymer doped with a fluorinated acid polymer. The nanoparticles are carbon nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, or combinations thereof. The carbon and metal nanoparticles are selected from nanotubes, fullerenes, and nanofibers. The acid polymers are fluorinated or highly fluorinated and have acidic groups including carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, sulfonimide groups, phosphoric acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, and combinations thereof. The semiconductive polymers comprise homopolymers and copolymers derived from monomers selected from substituted and unsubstituted thiophenes, pyrroles, anilines, and cyclic heteroaromatics, and combinations of those. The compositions may be used in organic electronic devices (OLEDs).
1. A transparent conductor having a work function greater than 4.7 eV consisting of conductive nanoparticles and a fluorinated acid polymer.
2. A transparent conductor of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles are selected from carbon and metal nanoparticles and combinations thereof.
3. A transparent conductor of claim 2 wherein the nanoparticles are selected from nanotubes, fullerenes, and nanofibers, and combinations thereof.
4. A transparent conductor of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer has a backbone selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyimides, polyamides, polyaramids, polyacrylamides, polystyrenes, and copolymers thereof.
5. A transparent conductor of claim 4 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer backbone is fluorinated.
6. A transparent conductor of claim 5 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer has fluorinated pendant groups selected from ether sulfonates, ester sulfonates, and ether sulfonimides.
7. A transparent conductor of claim 4 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer consists of one or more independently substituted or unsubstituted monomers selected from the group consisting of styrene sulfonic acids or sulfonated ether sulfones, trifluorostyrene sulfonates, sulfonimides, perfluoroalkyl sulfonate ethers, fused polycyclic fluoronated acids, and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid ethers.
8. A transparent conductor of claim 7 wherein the perfluoroalkyl sulfonate ethers have a structure represented by Formula XI:
where:
R 16 is a fluorinated alkyl or a fluorinated aryl group;
a, b, c, d, and e are each independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 4; and
n is at least 4.
9. A transparent conductor of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer consists of polymeric acids comprising functional groups selected from carboxylic, sulfonic, phosphoric, and phosphonic acid groups and sulfonimides, including combinations thereof.
10. A transparent conductor of claim 9 wherein the functional groups are present on the polymeric backbone, side chains, pendant groups, or combinations thereof.
11. A transparent conductor of claim 1 wherein the pendant groups include siloxane sulfonic acid.
12. A transparent conductor of claim 9 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer is a colloid-forming polymeric acid.
13. A transparent conductor of claim 12 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer is an FSA polymer.
14. A transparent conductor having a work function greater than 4.7 eV consisting of conductive nanoparticles, a fluorinated acid polymer and a second polymer, the second polymer consisting of one or more independently substituted or unsubstituted monomers selected from alkenyls, alkynyls, arylenes, and heteroarylenes.
15. A transparent conductor of claim 14 wherein the independently substituted or unsubstituted monomers are selected from fluorene, oxadiazoles, thiadiazolse, benzothiadiazoles, phenylenevinylenes, phenyleneethynylenes, pyridine, diazines, and triazines.
16. An electronic device comprising a transparent conductor of claim 1 .
17. An electronic device of claim 16 comprising an anode layer, wherein the anode layer comprises the transparent conductor.
18. An electronic device comprising a transparent conductor of claim 14 .
19. An electronic device of claim 18 comprising an anode layer, wherein the anode layer comprises the transparent conductor.