Method and apparatus for stimulation of baroreceptors in pulmonary artery
Devices and methods for controlling the low-pressure baroreflex system for the treatment and/or management of cardiovascular, renal, and neurological disorders.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a flexible lead body extending from a proximal end to a distal end;
an expandable electrode coupled to the lead body, the expandable electrode comprising a plurality of electrically conductive members, each electrically conductive member coupled to a separate conductor within the lead body; and
an implantable pulse generator electrically coupled to the electrode via the separate conductors, the implantable pulse generator programmed to selectively activate each electrically conductive member of the electrode and determine a resulting degree of baroreceptor activation, and further programmed to deliver a baroreflex stimulation signal directly to a baroreceptor in a pulmonary artery via at least one of the electrically conductive members of the expandable electrode based on the determined degree of baroreceptor activation.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pulse generator delivers at least a 10 hertz pulse train via the electrode.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the expandable electrode is adapted to fix the flexible lead body in place by frictional forces.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the expandable electrode includes a spiral configuration.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the expandable electrode is adapted to be chronically implanted in the pulmonary artery.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible lead body further includes a sensor adapted to monitor blood pressure.
7. An apparatus comprising:
a flexible lead body extending from a proximal end to a distal end;
an expandable electrode coupled proximate the distal end, the expandable electrode having a stent-like structure and an expanded diameter dimensioned to abut a wall of a pulmonary artery, the expandable electrode comprising a plurality of electrically conductive members, each electrically conductive member individually coupled to a separate conductor of the lead body; and
an implantable pulse generator electrically coupled to the expandable electrode via the conductors, wherein the implantable pulse generator is programmed to deliver an activation signal to each of the plurality of electrically conductive members and determine a degree of baroreceptor activation resulting from each activation signal, the implantable pulse generator further programmed to deliver a baroreflex stimulation signal to a baroreceptor in the pulmonary artery via at least one electrically conductive member of the expandable electrode based on the determined degree of baroreceptor activation, wherein the implantable pulse generator is programmed such that the signal is delivered for a duration, at a voltage and a pulse frequency and a pulse width in a range that causes the lowering of blood pressure.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the expandable electrode is adapted to fix the flexible lead body in place by frictional forces.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the expandable electrode is adapted to be chronically implanted in the pulmonary artery.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the flexible lead body further includes a sensor adapted to monitor blood pressure.