MEMS device with nanocrystalline heater

1. A MEMS device for generating a bubble, the MEMS device comprising:

a chamber for holding liquid;

a heater positioned in the chamber for thermal contact with the liquid; wherein,

the heater is formed of a super alloy having a Cr content between 2.0% by weight and 35.0% by weight, a Al content of between 0.1% by weight and 8.0% by weight, a microstructure with a grain size less than 100 nanometers and configured to received an actuation signal from associated drive circuitry such that upon actuation the heater heats some of the liquid to a temperature above its bubble nucleation point in order to generate a vapor bubble that causes a pressure pulse through the liquid;

wherein the superalloy heater has a Mo content of between 1% by weight and 17% by weight; a Nb+Ta content of between 0.25% by weight and 8.0% by weight; a Ti content of between 0.1% by weight and 5.0% by weight; a Fe content of up to 60% by weight; a Ni content of between 26% by weight and 70% by weight; and or, a Co content of between 35% by weight and 65% by weight.

2. A MEMS vapor bubble generator according to claim 1 wherein the chamber has a nozzle opening such that the pressure pulse ejects a drop of the liquid through the nozzle opening.

3. A MEMS vapor bubble generator according to claim 2 wherein the chamber has an inlet for fluid communication with a supply of the liquid such that liquid from the supply flows into the chamber to replace the drop of liquid ejected through the nozzle opening.

4. A MEMS vapor bubble generator according to claim 1 wherein the heater element is deposited as a layer less than 2 microns thick.

5. A MEMS vapor bubble generator according to claim 1 wherein the heater has up to 5% by weight of reactive metal from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanum and other rare earth elements.

6. A MEMS vapor bubble generator according to claim 1 , wherein the superalloy is MCrAlX, where M is one or more of Ni, Co, Fe with M contributing at least 50% by weight, Cr contributing between 8% and 35% by weight, Al contributing more than zero but less than 8% by weight, and X contributing less than 25% by weight, with X consisting of zero or more other elements, preferably including but not limited to Mo, Re, Ru, Ti, Ta, V, W, Nb, Zr, B, C, Si, Y, Hf.

7. A MEMS vapor bubble generator according to claim 1 , wherein the superalloy comprises Ni, Fe, Cr and Al together with additives consisting of zero or more other elements, preferably including but not limited to

Mo, Re, Ru, Ti, Ta, V, W, Nb, Zr, B, C, Si, Y, or Hf.