Cellulosic-thermoplastic composite and method of making the same
View Patent ↗Provided is a composition comprising fatty acid bis-amide, inorganic particulate such as pumice, cellulosic particulate, thermoplastic and maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin. The combination of an ethylene bis-amide and a minor amount of pumice produces cellulosic-thermoplastic composite that has superior extrusion properties over conventional metal stearate/ethylene bis-stearamide (EBS) compositions such as improved flex strength and resistance to water absorption.
1. A composition comprising:
(a) from about 1 to about 8 weight percent of a fatty acid bis-amide of the structure:
where R 1 and R 2 are independently saturated or unsaturated linear hydrocarbyl groups containing from 11 to 35 carbon atoms,
(b) from about 0.25 to 0.75 weight percent of an inorganic particulate,
(c) from about 10 to about 90 weight percent of a cellulosic particulate from about 1 mm to about 100 μm in length,
(d) from about 90 to about 10 weight percent of a thermoplastic; and,
(e) from about 0.2 to about 10 weight percent of a coupling agent for coupling cellulosic particulate (c) to thermoplastic (d),
wherein the composition contains no lubricants comprising zinc stearate and said inorganic particulate is finely powdered pumice having a particle size of 50 μm or less.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently saturated or unsaturated linear hydrocarbyl groups containing from 15 to 22 carbon atoms.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-stearamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-dodecanamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-tetradecanamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-hexadecanamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-tetradecanamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-tallowamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-eicosanamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-docosanamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-tetracosanamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-4-dodecenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-9-dodecenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-4-tetradecenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-5-tetradecenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-cis-6-octadeceneamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-trans-6-octadeceneamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-cis-9-octadeceneamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-trans-9-octadeceneamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-trans-11-octadeceneamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-cis-9-eicosenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-cis-11-eicosenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-trans-11-eicosenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-cis-11-docosenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-cis-13-docosenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-trans-13-docosenamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-cis-15-tetracosenamide and combinations thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is a cross reaction product of N,N′-ethylenediamine with two or more fatty acids.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is N-oleyl-N′-stearyl-ethylene-bis-amide.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein cellulosic particulate (c) is selected from the group consisting of wood fiber, wood particles, wood chips, ground wood, wood flour, wood flakes, wood veneers, wood laminates, saw dust, paper, newspaper, cardboard, wood pulp fiber, chemical pulp, recycled paper fiber, recycled boxes, recycled box fiber, recycled newspaper, recycled newspaper fiber, recycled computer printout, recycled computer printout fiber, milling tailings, hardwood fiber, softwood fiber, newsprint, ground newsprint, magazines, ground magazines, books, ground books, ground cardboard, wheat chaff, bamboo fiber, pond sludge, cork and combinations thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein thermoplastic (d) is selected from the group consisting of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, co-polyethylene-vinyl acetate and combinations thereof.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein coupling agent (e) is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, acrylic acid grafted polyolefin, vinyl acetate grafted polyolefin and combinations thereof.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein coupling agent (e) is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted low-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, acrylic acid grafted high-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted low-density polyethylene, acrylic acid grafted polypropylene, co-polyethylene-vinyl acetate and combinations thereof.
10. The composition of claim 1 containing at least one additional component which is selected from the group consisting of antioxidant, foaming agent, dye, pigment, cross-linking agent, inhibitor and accelerator.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 8 weight percent, inorganic particulate (b) is present in an amount of 0.75 weight percent, cellulosic particulate (c) is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 weight percent, thermoplastic (d) is present in an amount of from about 80 to about 20 weight percent, coupling agent (e) is selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent and acrylic acid grafted polyolefin present in an amount of from about 1 to about 7 weight percent and combinations thereof.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 6 weight percent, inorganic particulate (b) is present in an amount of 0.75 weight percent, cellulosic particulate (c) is present in an amount of from about 40 to about 70 weight percent, thermoplastic (d) is present in an amount of from about 50 to about 30 weight percent, and coupling agent (e) which is maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene present in an amount of from about 1.0 to about 3 weight percent.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-stearamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide and combinations thereof and is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 8 weight percent; inorganic particulate (b) is present in an amount of 0.75 weight percent; cellulosic particulate (c) is selected from the group consisting of wood flour, wood fiber and combinations thereof present in an amount of from about 10 to about 90 weight percent, thermoplastic (d) is selected from the group consisting of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of polyethylene and vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof present in an amount of from about 90 to about 10 weight percent; and coupling agent (e) which is maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene present in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 10 weight percent.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-stearamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide and combinations thereof present in an amount of from about 1 to about 8 weight percent; inorganic particulate (b) is present in an amount of 0.75 weight percent; cellulosic particulate (c) is selected from the group consisting of wood flour, wood fiber and combinations thereof present in an amount of from about 20 to about 80 weight percent; thermoplastic (d) is selected from the group consisting of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of polyethylene and vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof present in an amount of from about 80 to about 20 weight percent; and coupling agent (e) is maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is selected from the group consisting of N,N′-ethylene bis-stearamide, N,N′-ethylene bis-oleamide and combinations thereof and is present in an amount of from about 2 to about 6 weight percent; inorganic particulate (b) is present in an amount of 0.75 weight percent; cellulosic particulate (c) is selected from the group consisting of wood flour, wood fiber and combinations thereof present in an amount of from about 40 to about 70 weight percent; thermoplastic (d) is selected from the group consisting of high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of polyethylene and vinyl acetate, and combinations thereof present in an amount of from about 50 to about 30 weight percent; and coupling agent (e) which is maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene present in an amount of from about 1.0 to about 3 weight percent.
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein fatty acid bis-amide (a) is ethylene bis-stearamide present in an amount of about 2 to about 6 weight percent; inorganic particulate (b) is present in an amount of 0.75 weight percent; cellulosic particulate (c) which is pine wood flour 40 mesh is present in an amount of about 45 to about 65 weight percent, thermoplastic (d) which is high density polyethylene is present in an amount of about 40 to about 31 weight percent; and coupling agent (e) which is maleic anhydride grafted high-density polyethylene, containing about 0.5 to about 2.0 weight percent succinyl anhydride moieties, is present in an amount of about 1.5 to about 2.5 weight percent.
17. An article fabricated from the composition of claim 1 wherein said article is selected from the group consisting of solid or hollow cellulosic-thermoplastic composite profile, board, rod, strand, pellet, siding, sheet and combinations thereof.