Systems and methods for selecting stimulation sites and applying treatment, including treatment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and/or drug side effects
View Patent ↗Methods and systems for treating movement disorders are disclosed. A method in accordance with one embodiment can include determining that the movement disorder affects the patient's gait, oral functioning, and/or other functioning, and applying electrical stimulation proximate to the interhemispheric fissure, the Sylvian fissure, or between the two fissures, respectively. In another embodiment, the method can include selecting at least one neural process from among a plurality of processes sequentially carried out by a patient to cause a muscle movement in the patient (e.g., a planning process, an initiation process, and an execution process), and applying electrical stimulation to a location of the patient's brain associated with the at least one neural process.
1. A method for treating movement disorders, comprising:
selecting at least a first neural process and a second neural process from among a planning process that is associated with the prefrontal cortex, an initiation process that is associated with the supplemental motor cortex and an execution process that is associated with the motor cortex sequentially carried out by a patient to cause a muscle movement in the patient;
positioning at least one electrode device having a plurality of electrical contacts such that at least a first of the plurality of electrical contacts is positioned below the patient's skull and on the dura over a first target cortical location selected from the group of cortical locations consisting of prefrontal cortex, supplemental motor cortex, and motor cortex associated with the first neural process and positioning at least a second of the plurality of electrical contacts below the patient's skull and on the dura over a second target cortical location selected from the group of cortical locations consisting of prefrontal cortex, supplemental motor cortex, and motor cortex associated with the second neural process; and
applying electrical signals to at least a first of the plurality of electrical contacts to stimulate the first location of the patient's brain associated with the first neural process, and applying electrical signals to at least a second of the plurality of electrical contacts to stimulate the second location of the patient's brain associated with the second neural process.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein applying electrical signals includes applying electrical signals to a location of the brain ipsilateral to the location of the muscle movement.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein applying electrical signals includes applying electrical signals to a location of the brain contralateral to the location of the patient's muscle movement.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein selecting the first neural process includes selecting a planning process, and wherein applying electrical signals to the first location includes applying electrical signals to the at least one electrical contact that is positioned below the patient's skull and on the dura over the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of the patient's brain.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein selecting the first or second neural process includes selecting an initiation process, and wherein applying electrical signals to the first or second location includes applying electrical signals to the at least one electrical contact that is closer to the interhemispheric fissure than the Sylvian fissure of the patient's brain.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein applying the electrical signals includes applying the electrical signals to one hemisphere of the patient's brain.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein applying electrical signals includes applying electrical signals to the hemisphere that is ipsilateral to the location of the muscle movement.
8. The method of claim 6 wherein applying electrical signals includes applying electrical signals to the hemisphere that is contralateral to the location of the muscle movement.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein applying the electrical signals includes applying the electrical signals to both hemispheres of the patient's brain.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises:
positioning at least one electrode in the first location in a first procedure; and
positioning at least one second electrode in the second location associated with the second one of the neural processes in a second procedure subsequent to the first procedure.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein applying electrical signals to a first and second location of the patient's brain, in at least one of a sequential, simultaneous, alternating, random, pseudorandom and intermittent manner.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the motor cortex is further defined as the primary motor cortex, the premotor cortex or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein
selecting the first neural process includes selecting a planning process, and wherein applying electrical signals to the first location includes applying electrical signals to the at least one electrical contact that is positioned below the patient's skull and on the dura over the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of the patient's brain; and
selecting a second process includes selecting an execution process associated with fine motor control, and wherein applying electrical signals to the second location includes applying electrical signals to the at least one electrical contact that is positioned below the patient's skull and on the dura over the primary motor cortex of the patient's brain.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein
selecting the first neural process includes selecting a planning process, and wherein applying electrical signals to the first location includes applying electrical signals to the at least one electrical contact that is positioned below the patient's skull and on the dura over the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of the patient's brain; and
selecting a second process includes selecting an execution process associated with general motor control, and wherein applying electrical signals to the second location includes applying electrical signals to the at least one electrical contact that is positioned below the patient's skull and on the dura over the premotor cortex of the patient's brain.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein selecting a second process includes selecting an execution process associated with fine motor control, and wherein applying electrical signals to the second location includes applying electrical signals to the at least one electrical contact that is positioned below the patient's skull and on the dura over the primary motor strip of the patient's brain.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein selecting a second process includes selecting an execution process associated with general motor control, and wherein applying electrical signals to the second location includes applying electrical signals to the at least one electrical contact is positioned below the patient's skull and on the dura over the premotor cortex of the patient's brain.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the movement disorder comprises Parkinson's disease.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the movement disorder comprises Parkinson's disease and related symptoms.