Method of assembling displays on substrates

1. A method of forming a display, comprising:

a) introducing a first set of display elements, each having a first shape, size or surface characteristic and including a light-modulating element of a first type, onto a substrate;

b) inducing relative motion in said display elements in said first set and said substrate sufficient to cause at least a portion of said display elements in said first set to distribute into a first plurality of receptacles on said substrate, said first plurality of receptacles having a first complementary shape, size or surface characteristic that is complementary to said first shape, size or surface characteristic;

c) removing display elements in said first set that have not distributed into receptacles in said first plurality of receptacles;

d) introducing a second set of display elements having a second shape, size or surface characteristic and including a light-modulating element of a second type onto said substrate, wherein said second type of light-modulating element is configured to emit light that differs from light emitted by said first type of light-modulating element by one or more parameters including wavelength band envelope, spectral width, power, emission pattern, polarization, pulse format, response speed, or linearity;

e) inducing relative motion in said display elements in said second set and said substrate sufficient to cause at least a portion of said display elements in said second set to distribute into a second plurality of receptacles on said substrate, said second plurality of receptacles having a second complementary shape, size or surface characteristic that is complementary to said second shape, size or surface characteristic;

f) removing display elements in said second set that have not distributed into receptacles in said second plurality of receptacles; and

g) connecting display elements distributed into receptacles on said substrate to said substrate,

wherein each said display element includes a unique identifier, and wherein each said display element includes a radio signal receiver and logic circuitry configured to activate said light-emitting element in response to a control signal containing said unique identifier.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein display elements in said first set include light-modulating elements configured to emit light in a first wavelength band, and wherein display elements in said second set include light-modulating elements configured to emit light in a second wavelength band.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said unique identifier includes address information.

4. The method of claim 1 , including introducing a number of display elements in at least one of said first set and said second set that is in excess of the number of receptacles of complementary shape, size or surface characteristic.

5. The method of claim 1 , including inducing effectively random relative motion between said substrate and display elements of said first set.

6. The method of claim 1 , including inducing relative motion between said substrate and display elements of said first set by accelerating said substrate.

7. The method of claim 1 , including inducing relative motion between said substrate and display elements of said first set by applying motive force to said display elements.

8. The method of claim 1 , including removing display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set from said substrate by moving the substrate.

9. The method of claim 1 , including removing display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set from said substrate by applying a fluid to the substrate.

10. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of at least one of heat, vibration, pressure, a chemical, a photochemical reaction, electrostatic force, magnetostatic force, or an adhesive.

11. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of heat.

12. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of vibration.

13. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of pressure.

14. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of a chemical.

15. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of a photochemical reaction.

16. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of electrostatic force.

17. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of magnetostatic force.

18. The method of claim 1 , including connecting display elements from at least one of said first set and said second set to said substrate by use of an adhesive.

19. The method of claim 1 , including influencing an orientation of at least one display element from at least one of said first set or said second set on a surface of said substrate via a surface characteristic of said substrate.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said surface characteristic includes at least one of an electrostatic charge, a magnetostatic charge, a surface energy, a magnetic characteristic, a shape, or a texture.

21. The method of claim 19 , wherein said surface characteristic includes a binding affinity of an organic molecule on said surface of said substrate.

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein said organic molecule includes a biomolecule.

23. The method of claim 21 , including at least one of coating or adhering said organic molecule to said surface of said substrate.