Inactivating pathogens with oxidizing agents for vaccine production
The present disclosure provides methods for producing a vaccine composition containing a pathogen that is rendered noninfectious by exposure to hydrogen peroxide. The methods disclosed herein are suitable for the preparation of vaccines for a wide variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. The disclosure also provides vaccine compositions (medicaments) containing a pathogen inactivated by exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Methods for eliciting an immune response in a subject by administering vaccine compositions containing a hydrogen peroxide inactivated pathogen are also provided.
1. A method for producing an immunogenic vaccine composition comprising an inactivated viral pathogen, the method comprising:
contacting a viral pathogen with a solution comprising an oxidizing agent in an amount and for a time-period sufficient for the oxidizing agent to render the viral pathogen noninfectious while retaining viral immunogenicity, wherein said rendering is non-enzymatic; and
verifying immunogenicity of the noninfectious virus using virus-specific antibody, B cell or T cell immunoassays, wherein producing an immunogenic vaccine composition comprising an inactivated viral pathogen is afforded.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solution comprises at least about 0.03% hydrogen peroxide (wt/vol).
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pathogen is contacted with the solution comprising the oxidizing agent for at least about five minutes.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pathogen is contacted with the solution comprising the oxidizing agent at a temperature at or above 0° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising lyophilising the solution to remove some, most, or all of the oxidizing agent.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the steps of contacting the pathogen with the oxidizing agent and lyophilizing the solution are performed without an intervening purification step.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the lyophilizing is performed according to good manufacturing practices (GMP).
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunogenic composition is preservative-free.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inactivated viral pathogen comprises an immunogenically active flavivirus pathogen.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pathogen is isolated or purified prior to contacting with the oxidizing agent.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the virus is a pox virus, a flavivirus or an arenavirus.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the virus is a vaccinia virus.