Iontophoresis device
An iontophoresis device may be capable of preventing or reducing the generation of gas, or the production of undesirable ions, due to an electrode reaction occurring in an electrode assembly; or the alteration of an active agent due to a chemical reaction upon energization. A doping layer made of a substance such as a conductive polymer that effects an electrochemical reaction due to the doping or de-doping of an ion, may be formed in an electrode in an active electrode assembly or counter electrode assembly of an iontophoresis device.
1. An iontophoresis device, comprising:
at least one electrode assembly, the electrode assembly including:
active agent ions; and
an electrode having a doping layer made of a material effecting an electrochemical reaction due to doping or de-doping of ions to administer at least some of the active agent ions to a subject.
2. The iontophoresis device according to claim 1 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises an active agent solution reservoir holding an active agent solution containing active agent ions of a first polarity, the active agent solution reservoir being located on a front surface side of the doping layer.
3. The iontophoresis device according to claim 1 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises:
an electrolyte solution reservoir holding an electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution reservoir being placed on a front surface side of the doping layer; and
a first ion exchange membrane of the first polarity that is placed on a front surface side of the electrolyte solution reservoir and that is doped with active agent ions of a first polarity.
4. The iontophoresis device according to claim 1 wherein:
the electrode assembly further comprises a first ion exchange membrane of a first polarity that is placed on a front surface side of the doping layer and that is doped with active agent ions of the first polarity; and
the doping layer is doped with an ion of the first polarity.
5. The iontophoresis device according to claim 1 wherein the doping layer is doped with active agent ions of a first polarity.
6. The iontophoresis device according to claim 1 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises a first ion exchange membrane of a first polarity placed on a front surface side of the doping layer.
7. The iontophoresis device according to claim 1 wherein the doping layer contains a conductive polymer.
8. The iontophoresis device according to claim 5 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises an active agent solution reservoir holding an active agent solution containing active agent ions of the first polarity, the active agent solution reservoir being located on a front surface side of the doping layer.
9. The iontophoresis device according to claim 7 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises:
an electrolyte solution reservoir holding an electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution reservoir being placed on a front surface side of the doping layer; and
a first ion exchange membrane of a first polarity that is placed on a front surface side of the electrolyte solution reservoir and that is doped with active agent ions of the first polarity.
10. The iontophoresis device according to claim 7 wherein:
the electrode assembly further comprises a first ion exchange membrane of a first polarity that is placed on a front surface side of the doping layer and that is doped with active agent ions of the first polarity; and
the doping layer is doped with an ion of the first polarity.
11. The iontophoresis device according to claim 7 wherein the doping layer is doped with active agent ions of a first polarity.
12. The iontophoresis device according to claim 7 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises a first ion exchange membrane of a first polarity placed on a front surface side of the doping layer.
13. The iontophoresis device according to claim 7 wherein the conductive polymer comprises at least one of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene or polyacetylene, or a derivative thereof.
14. The iontophoresis device according to claim 13 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises an active agent solution reservoir holding an active agent solution containing active agent ions of a first polarity, the active agent solution reservoir being located on a front surface side of the doping layer.
15. The iontophoresis device according to claim 14 wherein the electrode assembly further includes a first ion exchange membrane of the first polarity located on a front surface side of the active agent solution reservoir.
16. The iontophoresis device according to claim 15 wherein:
the electrode assembly further comprises a second ion exchange membrane of a second polarity placed on the front surface side of the doping layer; and
the active agent solution reservoir is placed on a front surface side of the second ion exchange membrane.
17. The iontophoresis device according to any one of claim 13 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises:
an electrolyte solution reservoir holding an electrolyte solution, the electrolyte solution reservoir being placed on a front surface side of the doping layer; and
a first ion exchange membrane of a first polarity that is placed on a front surface side of the electrolyte solution reservoir and that is doped with active agent ions of the first polarity.
18. The iontophoresis device according to claim 17 wherein:
the electrode assembly further comprises a second ion exchange membrane of a second polarity placed on the front surface side of the electrolyte solution reservoir; and
the first ion exchange membrane is placed on a front surface side of the second ion exchange membrane.
19. The iontophoresis device according to claim 17 wherein:
the electrode assembly further comprises a second ion exchange membrane of a second polarity placed on the front surface side of the doping layer; and
the electrolyte solution reservoir is placed on a front surface side of the second ion exchange membrane.
20. The iontophoresis device according to claim 13 wherein:
the electrode assembly further comprises a first ion exchange membrane of a first polarity that is placed on a front surface side of the doping layer and that is doped with active agent ions of the first polarity; and
the doping layer is doped with an ion of the first polarity.
21. The iontophoresis device according to claim 20 wherein:
the electrode assembly further comprises a second ion exchange membrane of a second polarity placed on a front surface side of the doping layer; and
the first ion exchange membrane is placed on a front surface side of the second ion exchange membrane.
22. The iontophoresis device according to claim 13 wherein the doping layer is doped with active agent ions of a first polarity.
23. The iontophoresis device according to claim 13 wherein the electrode assembly further comprises a first ion exchange membrane of a first polarity placed on a front surface side of the doping layer.
24. An iontophoresis device comprising:
an active electrode assembly holding active agent ions of a first polarity to be administered to a subject; and
a counter electrode assembly as a counter electrode of the active electrode assembly, the counter electrode assembly comprising an electrode that includes a doping layer made of a material effecting an electrochemical reaction owing to doping or de-doping of ions to administer at least some of the active agent ions to the subject.
25. The iontophoresis device according to claim 24 wherein the counter electrode assembly further comprises a third ion exchange membrane of the first polarity placed on a front surface side of the doping layer.
26. The iontophoresis device according to claim 24 wherein:
the counter electrode assembly further comprises a third ion exchange membrane of a second polarity that is placed on the front surface side of the doping layer; and
the doping layer is doped with an ion of the second polarity.
27. The iontophoresis device according to claim 26 wherein:
the electrode further comprises a conductive base material; and
the doping layer is stacked on the conductive base material.
28. The iontophoresis device according to claim 27 wherein the conductive base material comprises a conductive sheet made of a carbon fiber or carbon fiber paper.
29. The iontophoresis device according to claim 28 wherein the electrode further comprises a terminal member with carbon mixed in a polymer matrix, the terminal member being attached to the conductive sheet.
30. The iontophoresis device according to claim 28 wherein the electrode further comprises an extension portion that is formed integrally with the conductive sheet and that is made of a carbon fiber or carbon fiber paper.