Toughened poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) compositions
View Patent ↗Disclosed are toughened poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) resin compositions comprising poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid), such as polylactic acid, and an impact modifier comprising an ethylene copolymer made from monomers (a) ethylene; (b) one or more olefins of the formula CH 2 ═C(R 1 )CO 2 R 2 , where R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 2-8 carbon atoms and R 2 is an alkyl group with 1-8 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, or butyl; and (c) one or more olefins of the formula CH 2 ═C(R 3 )CO 2 R 4 , where R 3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1-6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, and R 4 is glycidyl. The ethylene copolymer may further be made from carbon monoxide monomers. The compositions may further comprise one or more ethylene/acrylate and/or ethylene/vinyl ester polymers, ionomers, and cationic agents.
1. A poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) composition comprising:
(i) about 60 to about 99.8 weight % poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid), and
(ii) about 0.5 to about 40 weight % of an impact modifier comprising an ethylene copolymer derived from copolymerizing
(a) about 20 to about 95 weight % ethylene;
(b) about 3 to about 70 weight % of one or more olefins of the formula CH 2 ═C(R 1 )CO 2 R 2 , where R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 is an alkyl group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and
(c) about 0.5 to about 25 weight % of one or more olefins of the formula CH 2 ═C(R 3 )CO 2 R 4 , where R 3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1-6 carbon atoms, and R 4 is glycidyl; wherein the weight % of the poly(hydroxyalkanoic) and the impact modifier are based on the total weight of the poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and the impact modifier.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) comprises 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 4hydroxyhexanoic acid, 3-hydroxyheptanoic acid, or combinations of two or more thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) comprises hydroxyalkanoic acids having five or fewer carbon atoms.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) comprises glycolic acid, lactic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, 3- hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxyvaleric acid, 4-hydroxyvaleric acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, or combinations of two or more thereof.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) comprises poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxy-butyric acid, polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymer, copolymer of glycolic acid and lactic acid, or combinations of two or more thereof.
6. The composition of claim 5 wherein (i) is poly(lactic acid).
7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the poly(lactic acid) is present about 60 to about 97 weight % and the impact modifier is present about 3 to about 40 weight % .
8. The composition of claim 4 wherein (a) is present about 40 to about 90 weight % .
9. The composition of claim 7 wherein (a) is present about 50 to about 80 weight % .
10. The composition of claim 4 wherein (b) is about 20 to about 35 weight % of one or more olefins of the formula CH 2 ═C(R 1 )CO 2 R 2 , R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1-8 carbon atoms, and R 2 is an alkyl group with 1-8 carbon atoms.
11. The composition of claim 4 wherein (c) is about 3 to about 17 weight % of at least one olefin of the formula CH 2 ═C(R 3 )CO 2 R 4 , where R 3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1-6 carbon atoms, and R 4 is glycidyl.
12. The composition of claim 7 wherein the ethylene copolymer is further derived from copolymerizing the carbon monoxide.
13. The composition of claim 9 wherein (b) is butyl acrylate and (c) is glycidyl methacrylate.
14. The composition of claim 10 wherein the impact modifier further comprises from about 0.5 to about 75 weight % of one or more ionomers, based on the total weight of the impact modifier.
15. The composition of claim 13 wherein the impact modifier further comprises 10 to 50 weight % of one or more ionomers, based on the total weight of the impact modifier.
16. The composition of claim 7 wherein the impact modifier further comprises up to about 90 weight % of one or more copolymers of ethylene and an acrylate ester or vinyl acetate, based on the total weight of the impact modifier.
17. The composition of claim 13 wherein the impact modifier further comprises up to about 50 weight % of one or more copolymers of ethylene and an acrylate ester or vinyl acetate, based on the total weight of the impact modifier.
18. The composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more cationic catalysts including salts of hydrocarbon mono-, di-, or polycarboxylic acids.
19. The composition of claim 11 further comprising one or more cationic catalysts including stannous octanoate, zinc stearate, zinc diacetate, or combinations of two or more thereof.
20. An article comprising the composition of claim 1 wherein the article is molded article, extruded article, thermoformed article, or combinations of two or more thereof.