Method and apparatus for power electronics and control of plug-in hybrid propulsion with fast energy storage
A plug-in hybrid propulsion system includes a fast energy storage device that preserves battery life, where the energy storage elements of the hybrid drive train may be charged with externally supplied electricity as well as energy from the engine or regenerative braking. Electronic switches, passive electronics, an enclosure, controller circuitry, and/or control algorithms are used to manage the flow of power between a fuel powered engine, a battery, a fast energy storage system, traction motors; a charger, ancillary systems, an electrical distribution system, and/or a drive train.
1. A system for powering a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle comprising a vehicle drivetrain having an internal combustion engine and one or more motor-generators connected to the drivetrain, wherein the one or more motor-generators supply power to the drivetrain to propel the vehicle or start the engine or absorb power to regeneratively recharge one or more energy storage devices; said system comprising a first electrical energy storage device; a second electrical energy storage device; and power electronics;
wherein the first electrical energy storage is a battery that delivers electrical energy to the drivetrain for traction power or to start the engine, or absorbs electrical energy from the drivetrain;
wherein the second electrical energy storage device is a flywheel, capacitor, ultracapacitor, supercapacitor, or battery; and the second electrical energy storage device only absorbs or delivers current as necessary to protect the first electrical energy storage device from current above a damage threshold for the first electrical energy storage device; and
wherein the power electronics include a polyphase power converter with a plurality of phase legs, wherein each phase leg comprises two electronic switches with diodes; wherein both ends of each phase leg are connected to a DC bus; wherein a center of each phase leg is connected to another electrical device; wherein one or more capacitors are connected across the DC bus; wherein a first of said plurality of phase legs is used as a DC-DC converter for the second electrical energy storage device; and wherein one or more sets of three phase legs from the power converter function as one or more three phase motor drives.
2. The system set forth in claim 1 configured so that the first electrical energy storage device is connected directly to the DC bus.
3. The system set forth in claim 1 configured so that the second electrical energy storage device is a capacitor that is connected to the DC bus through the DC-DC converter.
4. The system set forth in claim 1 configured so that the second electrical energy storage device is a battery that is connected to the DC bus through the DC-DC converter.
5. The system set forth in claim 1 configured so that phase legs are used as a charger for either or both of the first electrical energy storage device and the second electrical energy storage device.
6. The system set forth in claim 1 configured so that the DC-DC converter uses inductance of connected motors and transformers to smooth current ripple.
7. The system set forth in claim 1 configured with a single motor connected to the drivetrain.
8. The system set forth in claim 1 configured as a series hybrid with two or more motor-generators.
9. The system set forth in claim 1 configured with separate front and rear drive, where the front drive and rear drive are not mechanically connected to one another via an axle or shaft.
10. The system set forth in claim 1 configured with engine powered front wheel drive and motor-generator powered rear wheel drive.
11. The system set forth in claim 1 configured with DC output ports that provide power to vehicle equipment and subsystems.
12. The system set forth in claim 1 configured with an AC charging port and an active rectifier that supplies charging power to the DC bus.
13. The system set forth in claim 1 configured with a separate battery charger for the first electrical energy storage device.
14. The system set forth in claim 1 including a control algorithm hosted by a microprocessor or a digital signal processor.
15. The system set forth in claim 1 configured where the DC-DC converter is a single phase leg having a single-phase.
16. The system set forth in claim 1 configured with phase legs connected as an active rectifier that produce AC voltage which is transformed to lower or higher voltage and rectified to DC.
17. The system set forth in claim 1 configured so that the second electrical energy storage device is connected directly to the DC bus.