Hardware based over-current protection circuitry for power distribution systems
View Patent ↗A power distribution unit that switches off power outlets in the event of an over-current condition by using circuitry that measures how long input current has exceeded a threshold and sending a reset signal to the power outlets when input current has exceeded the threshold for a predetermined time duration.
1. A power distribution unit for powering a plurality of servers from a single power input, comprising:
a network interface to communicate with a remote terminal;
a plurality of switched power outlets adapted and constructed to respectively provide power to corresponding ones of the plurality of servers;
power distribution rails coupled to the plurality of switched power outlets;
an over-current measurement and qualification circuit, comprising:
a current sensor to measure a generally instantaneous magnitude of current from the single power input;
a comparator to determine whether the generally instantaneous magnitude of current exceeds a magnitude threshold;
a time qualification circuit to determine, when the generally instantaneous magnitude of current exceeds the threshold, a duration in which the generally instantaneous magnitude of current exceeded the magnitude threshold;
an OR gate having first and second inputs and a first output, the first OR gate input receiving a indicator signal indicating that the duration determined by the time qualification circuit exceeded a predetermined time amount, the second OR gate input connected to receive a REMOTE OPEN signal through the network interface from the remote terminal; and the first OR gate output outputting an OPEN COMMAND signal when either the indicator signal is received at the first OR gate or the REMOTE OPEN signal is received at the second OR gate; and
a control bus carrying a control signal to signal certain ones of the plurality of switched power outlets to disconnect from the single power input, the certain ones being collectively a number related mathematically to an amount by which the generally instantaneous magnitude of current exceeded the magnitude threshold and the duration in which the generally instantaneous magnitude of current exceeded the magnitude threshold exceeded the predetermined time amount; and
a register having first and second inputs and a first output, the first register input responding to the OPEN COMMAND signal, the second input register input responding to a RESET signal to reset the register received through the network interface from the remote terminal, and the first register output outputting the control signal.
2. A power distribution unit according to claim 1 , wherein the time qualification circuit is an R-C circuit.
3. A power distribution unit according to claim 1 , wherein, when a switched power outlet is commanded to disconnect from the single power input, it can only be closed again by issuance of the RESET signal.
4. A power distribution unit for powering a plurality of servers from a single power input, comprising:
a network interface to communicate with a remote terminal;
a plurality of switched power outlets adapted and constructed to respectively provide power to corresponding ones of the plurality of servers;
a plurality of power distribution rails collectively receiving power from the single power input;
a plurality of over-current measurement and qualification circuits respectively connected between corresponding ones of the plurality of power distribution rails to receive power from the single power and corresponding ones of the plurality of switched power outlets, each comprising:
a current sensor to measure a generally instantaneous magnitude of current from a corresponding power distribution rail;
a comparator to determine whether the generally instantaneous magnitude of current exceeds a magnitude threshold;
a time qualification circuit to determine, when the generally instantaneous magnitude of current exceeds the threshold, a duration in which the generally instantaneous magnitude of current exceeded the magnitude threshold;
an OR gate having first and second inputs and a first output,
the first OR gate input receiving a indicator signal indicating that the duration determined by the time qualification circuit exceeded a predetermined time amount;
the second OR gate input connected to receive a REMOTE OPEN signal through the network interface from the remote terminal; and
the first OR gate output outputting an OPEN COMMAND signal when either the indicator signal is received at the first OR gate or the REMOTE OPEN signal is received at the second OR gate; and
a register having first and second inputs and a first output, the first register input responding to the OPEN COMMAND signal, the second input register input responding to a RESET signal to reset the register received through the network interface from the remote terminal, and the first register output outputting a control signal to signal a corresponding certain ones of the plurality of switched power outlets to open-circuit between a corresponding one of the plurality of switched power outlets and the corresponding power distribution rail; and
the power distribution unit further comprising a control bus carrying each control signal from each register commanding a calculated number of registers to open-circuit the same calculated number of switched power outlets, the calculated number being related to an amount of over-current measured, collectively, by all of the plurality of over-current measurement and qualification circuits.
5. A power distribution unit according to claim 4 , wherein the time qualification circuit is an R-C circuit.
6. A power distribution unit according to claim 4 , wherein the register is an S-R flip-flop.
7. A power distribution unit according to claim 4 , wherein, when a switched power outlet is commanded to open-circuit, it can only be closed again by issuance of the corresponding RESET signal.