Mercury monitoring system and calibration
View Patent ↗A calibration assembly generates elemental mercury and oxidized mercury for calibrating components of a mercury monitoring system, including making necessary adjustments to efficiencies of a mercury compound converter and an elemental mercury detector. The calibrator generates an elemental mercury sample having a known elemental mercury concentration, [Hg 0 ] 1 and combines an oxidizing component with the elemental mercury sample, thereby producing a reduced concentration of elemental mercury [Hg 0 ] 2 within the sample. The calibrator measures the concentration of elemental mercury [Hg 0 ] 2 within the sample and calculates a difference between the known elemental mercury concentration, [Hg 0 ] 1 and the reduced concentration [Hg 0 ] 2 . The difference between [Hg 0 ] 1 and [Hg 0 ] 2 is substantially equal to the concentration of oxidized mercury produced by the calibrator. The concentration of oxidized mercury can also be calculated as the difference between elemental mercury detected after passing a sample stream containing oxidized mercury through a channel which includes the converter and the reduced concentration [Hg 0 ] 2 detected after passing the sample stream through a channel which bypasses the converter. By providing oxidized mercury at calculated concentrations, the calibrator allows a user to calibrate continuous emission monitoring systems for accurate response to both elemental mercury and oxidized mercury.
1. A method comprising:
providing a gas sample for calibrating a mercury monitoring system;
initiating application of a first mode of the mercury monitoring system for delivering the gas sample on a first flow path through a converter to a detector operable to measure concentrations of elemental mercury gas in the gas sample, the converter operable to convert oxidized mercury in the gas sample into elemental mercury gas; and
initiating application of a second mode of the mercury monitoring system for delivering the gas sample to the detector via a second flow path that bypasses the converter.
2. A method as in claim 1 further comprising:
repeatedly switching between application of the first mode and the second mode to verify at least one of: i) an ability of the detector to detect elemental mercury gas, and ii) an ability of the converter to convert oxidized mercury into elemental mercury gas.
3. A method as in claim 1 , wherein providing the gas sample includes producing the gas sample to have a known concentration of gaseous elemental mercury, the method further comprising:
repeatedly switching between application of the first mode and the second mode to calibrate the detector by exposing the detector to the known concentration of gaseous elemental mercury in the gas sample.
4. A method as in claim 1 further comprising:
prior to delivery of the gas sample on the first flow path or the second flow path, converting a portion of elemental mercury in the gas sample to oxidized mercury; and
repeatedly switching between i) initiating delivery of the gas sample on the first flow path through the converter to the detector and ii) initiating delivery of the gas sample to the detector via a second flow path that bypasses the converter in order to test an ability of the converter to convert oxidized mercury in the gas sample to elemental mercury.
5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein providing the gas sample includes:
modifying a relative humidity of gas used to produce the gas sample in order to enhance a flow of the gas sample along the first flow path and the second flow path.
6. A method as in claim 1 , wherein providing the gas sample includes:
receiving elemental mercury gas from an elemental mercury gas source;
modifying a relative humidity level of the elemental mercury gas;
receiving an oxidizing component from an oxidizing component source; and
mixing the elemental mercury gas with the oxidizing component in a mixing chamber to produce the gas sample.
7. A method as in claim 1 , wherein providing the gas sample includes:
modifying a relative humidity associated with the gas sample in order to simulate a relative humidity of flue gas that is tested for presence of mercury after calibration of the detector and the converter with the gas sample.
8. A method as in claim 1 , wherein providing the gas sample includes producing the sample by:
receiving an elemental mercury gas of known concentration;
controlling how much of the delivered elemental mercury gas of known concentration is converted into oxidized mercury such that the provided gas sample includes different concentrations of elemental mercury over a test duration.
9. A method as in claim 1 , wherein providing the gas sample includes producing the gas sample to have different concentrations of oxidized mercury over time.
10. A method as in claim 1 , wherein providing the gas sample includes:
producing the gas sample by reacting elemental mercury gas received from a first source with an oxidizing component received from a second source, the oxidizing component converting a portion of the elemental mercury from the first source into oxidized mercury gas such that the gas sample selectively delivered on the first flow path and the second flow path includes a mixture of an unknown concentration of elemental mercury gas and an unknown concentration of oxidized mercury gas.
11. A method as in claim 10 including determining the concentration of oxidized mercury gas produced from the reaction of the oxidizing component with the elemental mercury received from the first source by computing the difference between the concentrations of elemental mercury gas measured by the detector receiving the gas sample selectively delivered on the first and second flow paths, respectively.
12. A method as in claim 11 , wherein producing the gas sample includes:
controlling a flow of the oxidizing component received from the second source to limit the amount of the elemental mercury provided from the first source that is converted into the oxidized mercury gas.
13. A method as in claim 11 , wherein producing the gas sample includes:
for a first time duration, controlling a flow rate of the oxidizing component received from the second gas source so that the gas sample produced includes a first concentration of oxidized mercury gas; and
for a second time duration, controlling a flow rate of the oxidizing component received from the second gas source so that the gas sample produced includes a second concentration of oxidized mercury gas.
14. A method as in claim 13 further comprising:
for the first and second time durations, switching between application of the first mode and the second mode and determining the concentrations of oxidized mercury present in the gas sample.
15. A method as in claim 1 further comprising:
testing efficiency of the converter in the first flow path by:
starting with a known concentration of elemental mercury gas initially in the gas sample;
converting a portion of the elemental mercury in the gas sample to oxidized mercury such that the gas sample includes an unknown concentration of elemental mercury and an unknown concentration of oxidized mercury;
delivering the gas sample including the unknown concentration of elemental mercury and an unknown concentration of oxidized mercury along the first flow path to the detector; and
verifying whether the detector detects that the delivered gas sample has a concentration of elemental mercury substantially equal to the known concentration of elemental mercury gas initially in the gas sample.
16. A method as in claim 15 further comprising:
if the detector does not detect that the delivered gas sample has a concentration of elemental mercury substantially equal to the known concentration of elemental mercury gas initially in the gas sample, determining a correction factor for adjusting future measurement readings provided by the detector when sampling on the first flow path.
17. A method as in claim 1 , wherein providing the gas sample includes:
controlling a flow rate of delivering an oxidizing component to a mixing chamber so that the mixing chamber produces the gas sample to have different concentrations of oxidized mercury gas over a test duration.
18. A method as in claim 17 further comprising:
initiating operation of the detector at multiple sample times during the test duration to test an ability of the converter to convert the different concentrations of oxidized mercury in the gas sample into elemental mercury.
19. A mercury monitoring system comprising:
a mixing chamber configured to produce a gas sample;
a detector configured to measure concentrations of elemental mercury gas in the gas sample;
a first channel from the mixing chamber to the detector, the first channel including a converter operable to convert oxidized mercury in the gas sample into elemental mercury gas;
a second flow channel from the mixing chamber to the detector, bypassing the converter; and
a controller configured to selectively deliver the gas sample from the mixing chamber along the first channel and second channel to the detector.
20. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 19 , wherein the controller is configured to repeatedly switch between delivery of the gas sample on the first channel and the second channel to the detector to verify at least one of: i) an ability of the detector to detect elemental mercury gas, and ii) an ability of the converter to convert oxidized mercury into elemental mercury gas.
21. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 19 , wherein the controller is configured to control sources providing input to the mixing chamber such that the gas sample from the mixing chamber includes a known concentration of gaseous elemental mercury; and
wherein the controller is configured to repeatedly switch between delivery of the gas sample on the first channel and the second channel to calibrate the detector by exposing the detector to the known concentration of gaseous elemental mercury in the gas sample.
22. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 19 , wherein the mixing chamber is configured to convert a portion of received elemental mercury gas into oxidized mercury gas to produce the gas sample; and
wherein the controller is configured to repeatedly switch between i) initiating delivery of the gas sample on the first channel through the converter to the detector, and ii) initiating delivery of the gas sample to the detector via the second channel that bypasses the converter in order to test an ability of the converter to convert oxidized mercury in the gas sample to elemental mercury.
23. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 19 further comprising:
a humidifier configured to modify a relative humidity of elemental mercury gas provided to the mixing chamber for producing the gas sample.
24. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 19 further comprising:
an elemental mercury gas source;
an oxidizing component source;
a humidifier to modify a relative humidity level of elemental mercury gas delivered from the elemental mercury gas source; and
wherein the mixing chamber is configured to produce the gas sample based on reaction of an oxidizing component received from the oxidizing component source and elemental mercury gas received from the elemental mercury source through the humidifier.
25. A method as in claim 19 , wherein the mixing chamber is configured to receive an elemental mercury gas of known concentration; and
wherein the controller is configured to control how much of the received elemental mercury gas of known concentration is converted into oxidized mercury such that the gas sample produced by the mixing chamber includes different concentrations of elemental mercury over a test duration.
26. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 19 , wherein the mixing chamber is configured to produce the gas sample by reacting elemental mercury gas received from a first source with an oxidizing component received from a second source, the oxidizing component converting a portion of the elemental mercury from the first source into oxidized mercury gas such that the gas sample selectively delivered by the controller on the first channel and the second channel includes a mixture of an unknown concentration of elemental mercury gas and an unknown concentration of oxidized mercury gas.
27. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 26 further comprising:
an analyzer configured to determine a concentration of oxidized mercury gas produced from a reaction, in the mixing chamber, of the oxidizing component received from the second source with the elemental mercury received from the first source by computing the difference between concentrations of elemental mercury gas measured by the detector on the first channel and second channel, respectively.
28. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 27 , wherein the controller is configured to produce the gas sample in the mixing chamber by controlling a flow of the oxidizing component received by the mixing chamber from the second source to limit the amount of the elemental mercury provided from the first source that is converted into the oxidized mercury gas.
29. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 27 , wherein the controller is configured to:
for a first time duration, control a flow rate of the oxidizing component received from the second gas source so that the gas sample includes a first concentration of oxidized mercury gas; and
for a second time duration, control a flow rate of the oxidizing component received from the second gas source so that the gas sample includes a second concentration of oxidized mercury gas.
30. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 19 , wherein the mixing chamber is configured to:
receive elemental mercury gas of known a known concentration;
convert a portion of the received elemental mercury gas to oxidized mercury gas such that the gas sample from the mixing chamber includes an unknown concentration of elemental mercury gas and an unknown concentration of oxidized mercury gas;
deliver the gas sample including the unknown concentration of elemental mercury gas and the unknown concentration of oxidized mercury gas along the first channel to the detector, the mercury monitoring system further comprising:
an analyzer configured to verify whether the detector detects that the gas sample received on the first channel includes a concentration of elemental mercury gas substantially equal to the known concentration of elemental mercury gas received from the mixing chamber.
31. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 30 , wherein the analyzer is configured to determine a correction factor for adjusting future measurement readings provided by the detector when sampling on the first channel if the detector does not detect that the gas sample received on the first channel has a concentration of elemental mercury substantially equal to the known concentration of elemental mercury gas received by the mixing chamber.
32. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 19 , wherein the controller is configured to:
control a flow rate of delivering an oxidizing component to the mixing chamber so that the mixing chamber produces the gas sample to have different concentrations of oxidized mercury gas over a test duration.
33. A mercury monitoring system as in claim 32 further comprising:
an analyzer configured to initiate operation of the detector at multiple sample times during the test duration to test an ability of the converter to convert the different concentrations of oxidized mercury in the gas sample into elemental mercury.
34. A computer program product having a computer-readable medium including computer program logic stored thereon that, when performed on a controller of a mercury monitoring system, causes the controller to:
operate a subsystem of the mercury monitoring system to produce a gas sample for calibrating the mercury monitoring system;
initiate application of a first mode of the mercury monitoring system for delivering the gas sample on a first channel through a converter to a detector operable to measure concentrations of elemental mercury gas in the gas sample, the converter operable to convert oxidized mercury in the gas sample into elemental mercury gas; and
initiating application of a second mode of the mercury monitoring system for delivering the gas sample to the detector via a second channel that bypasses the converter.