Spinal stabilization device
Spinal stabilization devices, systems, and methods are described. Foramenal spacers including a rigid member adapted to maintain the integrity of the foramenal space. Facet joint stabilizing members and prosthetic facet joints that augment or replace the native facet joint are also described. Lateral spinal stabilization systems that may be attached to the lateral surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies are described. Also described are anterior spinal stabilization systems that are to be attached to the anterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. Several variations of dynamic spinal stabilization devices and systems are described. Each of the foregoing devices, systems, and methods may be used independently, in combination with the other devices, systems, and methods described herein, and/or in combination with prosthetic intervertebral discs.
1 . A spinal stabilization device comprising:
an elongate support member having at least two end fixed rotatable elements situated at opposite ends of the elongate support member and a central fixed rotatable element between the two end fixed rotatable elements and further comprising a linkage between each pair of fixed rotatable elements, and
a plurality of bone fixation members, one for each rotatable element, each configured to attach to a spinal vertebra and to cooperate with the rotatable element to allow rotatable element rotation in at least two dimensions.
2 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 1 where the bone fixation members comprise threaded studs.
3 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 1 where the bone fixation members comprise pedicle screws.
4 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 1 where at least one rotatable element comprises a bearing surface allowing said rotation in at least two dimensions and an opening through which a bone fixation member passes.
5 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 1 where at least one rotatable element comprises a Heim joint.
6 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 1 where at least one linkage comprises a compressible element.
7 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 6 where at least one linkage comprises a compressible polymeric element.
8 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 1 where at least one linkage comprises a hydrogel element.
9 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 1 comprising exactly two end fixed rotatable elements and one central fixed rotatable element.
10 . The spinal stabilization member of claim 9 comprising exactly two linkages.
11 . A kit for spinal stabilization procedures comprising exactly two spinal stabilization members of claim 1 .
12 . A kit for spinal stabilization procedures comprising exactly two spinal stabilization members of claim 7.