Iontophoresis apparatus and method to deliver antibiotics to biological interfaces
An iontophoresis device operable to deliver active agent to a biological interface such as skin or mucous membranes includes the combination of a hydrogel-based wound covering with an iontophoresis device to deliver antibiotic to biological interfaces. The effective concentration of antibiotics from oral or intravenous administration rarely reaches poorly perfused tissues such as cartilage or skin ulcerations resulting in entrenched and difficult to treat infections. Local deliver of additional antibiotic would serve to maintain the effective concentration of drug to the target tissues. Combining an iontophoresis device with a hydrogel-based wound covering to deliver localized antibiotic allows faster wound healing and prevent infection.
1 . An iontophoretic device, comprising:
an antibiotic, or a composition thereof, useful to prevent infection in a biological tissue; and
an active electrode element selectively operable to drive the one or more antibiotics, or composition thereof, from the iontophoretic device.
2 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a layer comprising the antibiotic, or composition thereof, the layer positioned so as to be directly adjacent to a biological interface when the device is placed on the biological interface.
3 . The iontophoretic device of claim 2 wherein the layer comprising the antibiotic, or composition thereof, comprises a hydrogel.
4 . The device of claim 2 , further comprising:
an inner active agent reservoir positioned between the active electrode element and the layer comprising the antibiotic, or composition thereof; and
an additional active agent, or composition thereof, stored in the inner active agent reservoir, the additional active agent having a polarity that is the same as the polarity of the antibiotic in the layer comprising the antibiotic, or composition thereof.
5 . The device of claim 4 wherein the additional active agent, or composition thereof, stored in the inner active agent reservoir is substantially the same as the antibiotic, or composition thereof, in the layer comprising the antibiotic, or composition thereof.
6 . The device of claim 4 wherein the additional active agent, or composition thereof, stored in the inner active agent reservoir comprises an antibiotic, or a composition thereof, that is not substantially the same as the antibiotic, or composition thereof, in the layer comprising the antibiotic, or composition thereof.
7 . The device of claim 4 wherein the additional active agent, or composition thereof, does not comprise an antibiotic, or a composition thereof.
8 . The device of claim 2 , further comprising:
a permeable barrier layer positioned between the active electrode and the layer comprising the antibiotic or composition thereof.
9 . The device of claim 8 wherein the permeable barrier layer is a permeable bacterial barrier layer.
10 . The device of claim 2 , further comprising:
an electrolyte positioned between the active electrode element and the layer comprising the antibiotic, or composition thereof.
11 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a hydrogel layer positioned such that it is between the active electrode element and a biological interface when the device is placed on the biological interface for use.
12 . The device of claim 11 , further comprising:
an electrolyte reservoir positioned between the active electrode element and the hydrogel layer.
13 . The device of claim 12 , further comprising:
an inner active agent reservoir positioned between the electrolyte reservoir and the hydrogel layer; and
an active agent stored within the inner active agent reservoir, the active agent having a polarity the same as the polarity of the antibiotic.
14 . The device of claim 13 wherein the active agent is an antibiotic.
15 . The device of claim 13 wherein the active agent is not an antibiotic.
16 . The device of claim 13 , further comprising:
an outermost ion selective membrane positioned between the inner active agent reservoir and the hydrogel layer; and
an additional active agent cached within the outermost ion selective membrane, the additional active agent having a polarity the same as the polarity of the active agent stored within the inner active agent reservoir.
17 . The device of claim 16 wherein the additional active agent is substantially the same as the active agent stored within the inner active agent reservoir.
18 . The device of claim 16 wherein the additional active agent is an antibiotic.
19 . The device of claim 16 wherein the additional active agent is not an antibiotic.
20 . The device of claim 16 , further comprising:
a permeable barrier layer positioned between the outermost ion selective membrane and the hydrogel layer.
21 . The device of claim 20 wherein the permeable barrier layer is a permeable bacterial barrier layer.