Colored Reflective Features And Inks And Processes For Making Them
The present invention relates to colored reflective features, e.g., reflective security features or reflective decorative features, that optionally exhibit color shifting and to inks and processes for making such features. The features, as well as the inks optionally used to form the features, comprise nanoparticles and a colorant that preferably modifies a spectrum of light that is reflected by a reflective layer formed from the nanoparticles. The processes involve forming the features from one or more inks using a direct write printing process.
1 . A reflective feature, comprising:
(a) a reflective metallic element; and
(b) a semitransparent color-shifting element.
2 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the reflective metallic element and the semitransparent color-shifting element are disposed in separate layers from one another, at least in part.
3 . The feature of claim 2 , wherein the feature is disposed on a substrate, the reflective metallic element is disposed on the substrate, and the semitransparent color-shifting element is disposed on the reflective metallic element, at least in part.
4 . The feature of claim 2 , wherein the feature is disposed on a substrate, the semitransparent color-shifting element is disposed on the substrate, and the reflective metallic element is disposed on the color-shifting element, at least in part.
5 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the reflective metallic element forms an image.
6 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the reflective metallic element comprises metallic nanoparticles.
7 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the feature exhibits a color-shifting effect when viewed at multiple viewing angles, and wherein the reflective metallic element reflects specular light when viewed at least one viewing angle.
8 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the reflective metallic element has a longitudinally varying topography that modifies the color-shifting effect of the color-shifting element.
9 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the reflective metallic element forms a halo effect around at least a portion of the color-shifting element.
10 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the color-shifting element forms a halo effect around at least a portion of the reflective metallic element.
11 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the color-shifting element comprises a liquid crystal material, silica-coated mica, or titania-coated mica.
12 . The feature of claim 1 , wherein the feature comprises a security feature.
13 . A process for forming a reflective feature, comprising:
(a) depositing one of a metallic ink for forming a reflective metallic element or a color-shifting ink for forming a color-shifting element on a substrate to form a first element; and
(b) depositing the other of the metallic ink or the color-shifting ink on the first element, at least in part, to form a second element,
wherein if the first element is the metallic element, then the second element is the color-shifting element,
and wherein if the first element is the color-shifting element, then the second element is a metallic element.
14 . The process of claim 13 , wherein at least one of the depositing steps comprises direct write printing.
15 . The process of claim 13 , wherein step (a) comprises depositing the color-shifting ink on the substrate to form the color-shifting element, and wherein step (b) comprises depositing the metallic ink on the color-shifting element, at least in part, to form the reflective metallic element.
16 . The process of claim 13 , wherein step (a) comprises depositing the metallic ink on the substrate to form the reflective metallic element, and wherein step (b) comprises depositing the color-shifting ink on the metallic element, at least in part, to form the color-shifting element.
17 . The process of claim 16 , wherein step (a) comprises depositing the metallic ink on the substrate in multiple passes, optionally with heating between the multiple passes, to form a metallic element having a longitudinally varying topography.
18 . The process of claim 13 , wherein the feature comprises a security feature.
19 . The process of claim 13 , wherein the other of the metallic ink or the color-shifting ink is also deposited, in part, on the substrate.
20 . A process for forming a reflective feature, comprising:
(a) providing a composite ink comprising a first precursor to a reflective metallic element, and a second precursor to a color-shifting element; and
(b) depositing the composite ink on a substrate under conditions effective to form the reflective feature comprising the reflective metallic element and the color-shifting element, wherein either the reflective metallic element forms a halo around at least a portion of the color-shifting element or the color-shifting element forms a halo around at least a portion of the reflective metallic element.