Formation of substances by mechanical breaking of carbon-carbon chains molecules

1. A method comprising:

mechanically breaking a source substance comprising relatively long carbon chains molecules by application of physical force to said source substance, which force causes the relatively long chain molecules to break into shorter chain molecules so as to produce a product substance comprising shorter chain carbon molecules, wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain carbon molecules is carried out at temperatures at or below 0° C., wherein said shorter chain carbon molecules include fuel fractions, and further comprising recovering said fuel fractions from said product substance.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain carbon molecules is carried out at temperatures at or below −50° C.

3. The method according to claim 1 wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain carbon molecules is carried out at temperatures at or below −100° C.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain carbon molecules is carried out at temperatures at or below −150° C.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain molecules is carried out at temperatures at or below the melting temperature of the source substance.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain molecules is carried out at temperatures at or below the glass transition temperature of the source substance.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain molecules is carried out at temperatures at or below the melting temperature of the product substance.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain carbon molecules is carried out in a non-liquid environment.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein breaking the relatively long carbon chain molecules into the shorter chain carbon molecules is carried out in a liquid environment.

10. The method according to claim 8 wherein the non-liquid environment comprises at least one of air, CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , H 2 O, and He.

11. The method according to claim 8 wherein the pressure of the non-liquid environment is at or below atmospheric pressure.

12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the pressure of the non-liquid environment is at or above atmospheric pressure.

13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said liquid environment and said product substance are immiscible.

14. The method according to claim 9 wherein said liquid environment and said product substance are miscible.

15. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said liquid environment comprises said product substance.

16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanical breaking comprises reducing at least some of the source substances comprising carbon chains into particles smaller than 1000 nanometers.

17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanical breaking comprises reducing at least some of the source substances comprising carbon chains into particles smaller than 100 nanometers.

18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanical breaking comprises reducing at least some of the source substances comprising carbon chains into particles smaller than 10 nanometers.

19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mechanical breaking comprises reducing at least some of the source substances comprising carbon chains into particles smaller than 1 nanometer.

20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 0.2% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 50.

21. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 2% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 50.

22. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 10% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 50.

23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 20% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 50.

24. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 0.2% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 100.

25. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 2% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 100.

26. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 10% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 100.

27. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 20% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 100.

28. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 0.2% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 150.

29. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 2% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 150.

30. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 10% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 150.

31. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 20% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 150.

32. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 0.2% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 500.

33. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 2% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 500.

34. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 10% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 500.

35. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 20% of the source substance transforms into a product of carbon number lower than 500.