Method of using density maps based on marker values for the diagnosis of patients with diseases, and in particular tumors

1. A method of assessing a patient's risk of suffering from a disease using indicator substances −n from body fluids comprising the steps of:

a) recording, with a computer, measured values for the indicator substances n in an n-dimensional system of coordinates represented by (X 1 , X 2 . . . X n ),

b) calculating, by the computer, in the n-dimensional system of coordinates, curves or areas representing polynomials of an mth order for an indicator substance k (k consisting arbitrarily of 1, . . . , n) as a function of the remaining n−1 indicator substances (1, . . . , k−1, k+1, . . . , n), the curves or areas being of identical functional values y for a function y=f (X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n ), the function y being a measure of risk calculated using a kernel density method of (X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n )=D d (X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n )/(D d (X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n )+D n (X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n )) where D d (X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n ) is a first density for the probability distribution of diseased patients from a study population and D n (X 1 , X 2 , . . . , X n ) is a second density for the probability distribution of non-diseased patients from the study population, and

c) assigning a value corresponding to a specific risk y1 of having a disease based on a location of the measured values within the n-dimensional system of coordinates, the specific risk y1 being between functional values represented by two next adjacent curves or areas of a subgroup of the curves or areas.

2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the assigned value in step c) is a mean value between the functions y for the measured values.

3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the study population in claim 1 , step b) is used for setting cut-off values for individual indicator values for diagnosing the disease.

4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the disease is prostate carcinoma and the indicator substances are selected from the group consisting of cPSA, tPSA, fPSA, BPSA, proPSA, intact-PSA, PSA-API, PSA-ACT, PSA-alpha-2M, and combinations and ratios thereof.

5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that additional smoothing processes, weighting processes and processes for controlling outliers are used for the calculation according to the kernel density method of claim 1 , step b).

6. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in D that at least one additional parameter specifically associated a tumourous disease is included in the analysis.

7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the indicator substances are cPSA and tPSA.

8. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the indicator substances are tPSA and a ratio of fPSA/tPSA.

9. The method according to claim 6 , characterized in that the disease is prostate carcinoma and the at least one additional parameter is prostate volume.