Use of graft polymers
The invention relates to the use of graft polymers obtained by polymerization in two stages. In a first stage, at least one graft basis is produced by radically polymerizing a monomer composition A) containing 0 to 40 percent by weight of one or several ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I), wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl, R 1 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 independently represent hydrogen or a group of formula —COOR′, wherein R′ represents hydrogen or an alkyl group comprising 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 60 to 100 percent by weight of one or several ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (II), wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl, R 4 represents a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising 6 to 40 carbon atoms, R 5 and R 6 independently represent hydrogen or a group of formula —COOR′, wherein R′ represents hydrogen or an alkyl group comprising 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and 0 to 40 percent by weight of comonomers, the percentages being relative to the weight of monomer composition A). In a second stage, a monomer composition B) containing 20 to 100 percent by weight of at least one monomer that comprises at least one nitrogen-containing group is grafted onto the graft basis in order to reduce wear in lubricant oil compositions. Said graft polymer comprises a maximum of 200 ppm of sulfur while the weight ratio between monomer composition A) and monomer composition B) ranges between 99.7:0.3 and 80:20.
1. A method for reducing wear in lubricant oil compositions, comprising:
adding a graft copolymer to at least one lubricant oil;
wherein the graft copolymer comprises at most 200 ppm of sulfur and the graft copolymer is obtained by a two-stage polymerization, comprising:
free-radically polymerizing a monomer composition A) to prepare a graft base; and
graft polymerizing a monomer composition B) on the graft base;
wherein the monomer composition A) comprises:
(i) from 0 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer composition A), of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (I)
wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen or a group of the formula —COOR′ where R′ is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms,
(ii) from 60 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer composition A), of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of formula (II)
wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or a group of the formula —COOR″ where R″ is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and
(iii) from 0 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer composition A), of comonomers,
wherein the monomer composition B) comprises from 70 to 100% by weight of N-vinyl pyrrolidone,
wherein the ratio of the weight of the monomer composition A) to the weight of the monomer composition B) is in the range from 99.7:0.3 to 80:20, and
wherein a graft yield is greater than or equal to (x* 10− 5 mol/g +35)% where x is the weight-average molecular weight of the graft base determined by GPC.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a weight-average molecular weight of the graft base is from 5000 to 200 000 g/mol.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a specific viscosity ηsp/c measured in chloroform at 25° C. of the graft base is between 4 and 60 ml/g.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a specific viscosity ηsp/c measured in chloroform at 25° C. of the graft copolymer is between 5 and 40 ml/g.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the specific viscosity of the graft copolymer to the specific viscosity of the graft base is in the range from 1.01:1 to 1.30:1.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a weight-average molecular weight of the graft copolymer is from 5100 to 250 000.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the weight-average molecular weight of the graft copolymer to the weight-average molecular weight of the graft base is in the range from 1.01:1 to 5:1.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a polymerization temperature in the grafting is greater than the polymerization temperature in the free radical polymerization.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the free radical polymerization temperature is from 70 to 120° C.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the graft polymerization temperature is from 110 to 140° C.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein from 1 to 9% by weight, based on the weight of the graft base, of N-vinyl pyrrolidone is grafted onto the graft base.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the graft copolymer additionally has viscosity index-improving action and/or dispersing action and/or detergent action and/or pour point-depressing action.
13. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method leads to reduced energy consumption.
14. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lubricant mixture further comprises friction modifiers and/or extreme pressure additives which are not graft copolymers as claimed in claim 1 .
15. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lubricant oil composition contains 2-20 percent by weight of the graft copolymer.
16. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a mean cam wear is at most 40 μm after 100h measured to CEC-L-51-A-98.
17. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lubricant oil composition lubricates internal combustion engines, gearboxes, clutches or pumps.
18. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sulfur content is at most 100 ppm, based on the weight of the graft copolymer.
19. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sulfur content is at most 5 ppm, based on the weight of the graft copolymer.
20. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the monomer composition B) comprises from 90 to 100% by weight of N-vinyl pyrrolidone.