Reinforced thermoplastic compositions with enhanced processability
View Patent ↗A thermoplastic composition is disclosed comprising a continuous phase of at least one thermoplastic polymer; and a non-polymeric precursor polymerizable to provide a polymerized reinforcing phase dispersed within the thermoplastic polymer. The precursor is polymerized after dispersion into the continuous phase of thermoplastic polymer. The flexural modulus of the thermoplastic polymer is thereby increased. Methods of making and using the composition are also disclosed.
1. A thermoplastic composition comprising:
(a) a continuous phase of at least one thermoplastic polymer; and
(b) a non-polymeric precursor polymerizable to provide a polymerized reinforcing phase dispersed as domains of polymer within the continuous phase of the thermoplastic polymer,
wherein the polymer domains are spherical and have an average domain size of less than about 100 microns in diameter and wherein the polymer domains of the polymerized reinforcing phase have at least one of a melting temperature greater than about 100° C. or a glass transition temperature greater than about 100° C. and comprises at least one of:
an amorphous polymer having a glass transition temperature at least about 50° C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer,
a crystalline polymer having a melting temperature at least about 50° C. higher than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer when the thermoplastic polymer is amorphous, or
a crystalline polymer having a melting temperature at least about 50° C. higher than the melting temperature of the thermoplastic polymer when the thermoplastic polymer is crystalline.
2. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the precursor comprises at least one adipate, alkyd, cyanurate, epoxy, ester, ether, imide, lactam, maleimide, melantine, (meth)acrylate, olefin, phenolic, styrene, or combinations thereof.
3. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerized reinforcing phase comprises a thermoset polymer.
4. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerized reinforcing phase comprises at least one filler.
5. The thermoplastic composition of claim 4 , wherein the filler comprises nanoclay.
6. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer has a glass transition temperature of about −50° C. to about 250° C. and wherein the polymerized reinforcing phase has a glass transition temperature of greater than about 100° C.
7. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerized reinforcing phase has a glass transition temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C.
8. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein glass transition temperatures of the thermoplastic polymer and the polymerized reinforcing phase differ by at least about 100° C.
9. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises a polyolefin, a poly(meth)acrylate, a plasticized polyvinyl chloride, a polyamide, a polyester, a polystyrene, a polyphenylene ether, a polyaryl sulfide, or combinations thereof.
10. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerized reinforcing phase comprises an epoxy, a phenolic, a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyester, a polyether, a polyimide, a melainine resin, or combinations thereof.
11. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymerized reinforcing phase comprises an amorphous polymer.
12. The thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one compatibilizer for the thermoplastic polymer and polymerized reinforcing phase.
13. An article prepared from the thermoplastic composition of claim 1 .
14. A polymer-reinforced thermoplastic composition preparable from the composition of claim 1 .
15. A polymer-reinforced thermoplastic composition prepared from the composition of claim 1 .
16. A method of preparing the thermoplastic composition, the method comprising:
providing the at least one thermoplastic polymer;
dispersing at least one non-polymeric precursor within the thermoplastic polymer under conditions where polymerization of the precursor will not occur; and
polymerizing the precursor to form a polymerized reinforcing phase of polymer domains dispersed within a continuous phase of the thermoplastic polymer, wherein the polymer domains are spherical and have an average domain size of less than about 100 microns in diameter.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising the step of forming the thermoplastic composition into an article, wherein the polymer domains have an average domain size of less than about 100 microns in diameter.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the precursor is polymerized after formation of the thermoplastic composition into the article.
19. A method of increasing flexural modulus of a thermoplastic polymer, comprising:
providing at least one thermoplastic polymer;
compounding a non-polymeric precursor into the at least one thermoplastic polymer to form a composition wherein the precursor is uniformly dispersed within the thermoplastic polymer; and
polymerizing the precursor to form a polymeric reinforcing phase dispersed of polymer domains within the thermoplastic polymer, thereby increasing flexural modulus of the thermoplastic polymer, wherein the polymer domains are spherical and have an average domain size of less than about 100 microns in diameter.