Double layer forming fabric with high center plane resistance
View Patent ↗Double layer forming fabrics, woven to an overall repeating weave pattern requiring at least 8 sheds in the loom, provide a low drainage area in a notional center plane between the paper and machine side layers, to resist and retard initial impingement drainage. Transverse binder yarn pairs follow a single combined path interweaving with paper side layer and machine side layer yarns, with long internal floats under at least four paper side layer yarns between exchange points and interlacing points in the machine side layer. The members of the pairs are laterally displaced in relation to each other along the single combined path. The fabric has a total warp fill after heatsetting of at least 100%. The drainage areas of the paper side layer and the machine side layers are between 25% and 50%, and the center plane drainage area is between 8% and 20%.
1. A double layer forming fabric for a papermaking machine woven to an overall repeating weave pattern requiring at least 8 sheds in the loom and comprising in combination a paper side layer having a first drainage area and a paper side surface, a machine side layer having a second drainage area, and a centre plane within the fabric, defined as a notional plane substantially parallel to and located between the paper side layer and the machine side layer and having a third drainage area, and wherein the fabric has at least
(i) paper side layer yarns and machine side layer yarns each oriented in a first direction; and
(ii) a set of yarns comprising only pairs of binder yarns interwoven with the paper side layer yarns and machine side layer yarns in a direction transverse to the first direction, wherein:
(a) in the paper side surface, each pair of binder yarns occupies a single combined path;
(b) the pairs of binder yarns are woven in the overall repeating weave pattern such that for each pair:
(A) in a first segment of the single combined path, a first member of the pair interweaves with selected paper side layer yarns at an interweaving location, and a second member of the pair interlaces with at least one machine side layer yarn at an interlacing location;
(B) in a second segment of the single combined path, the second member of the pair interweaves with selected paper side layer yarns at an interweaving location, and the first member of the pair interlaces with at least one machine side layer yarn;
(C) the length of the first and second segments may be equal or unequal;
(D) between each adjacent segment the members exchange positions at an exchange point, and the members are laterally displaced in relation to each other along the single combined path at and between each consecutive exchange point; and
(E) for each member of each pair of binder yarns, between each interweaving location and an immediately subsequent interlacing location, and between each interlacing location and an immediately subsequent interweaving location, the member floats between the paper side layer yarns and the machine side layer yarns under at least four paper side layer yarns;
(c) the machine side layer is woven to a repeating machine side layer weave pattern in which, for each pair of binder yarns, in each repeat the first member and the second member alternately interlace with selected machine side layer yarns but do not form a complete repeat of the machine side layer weave pattern; and
(d) the fabric has a total warp fill after heatsetting of at least 100%
(e) the first drainage area is between 25% and 50%;
(f) the second drainage area is between 25% and 50%; and
(g) the third drainage area is between 8% and 20%.
2. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 1 wherein in a cross-section of the fabric in the transverse direction, each paper side layer yarn is laterally displaced from proximate machine side layer yarns.
3. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 1 wherein the binder yarns occupy at least 80% of the centre plane in each repeat of the overall repeating weave pattern.
4. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in any of claims 1 , 2 or 3 wherein in each repeat of the repeating weave pattern a ratio of the number of paper side layer yarns and the number of machine side layer yarns is selected from 3:1, 3:2, 2:1 and 1:1.
5. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 4 wherein the ratio is 3:2.
6. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3 wherein the paper side layer yarns and machine side layer yarns are wefts and the binder yarns are warps.
7. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3 wherein the paper side layer yarns and machine side layer yarns are warps and the binder yarns are wefts.
8. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the machine side layer is woven to a pattern selected from a 6-shed satin, a 12-shed satin, a twill and an N×2N pattern, in which N is the number of sheds in the loom.
9. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 8 wherein the machine side layer is woven to an N×2 N pattern.
10. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the paper side layer is woven to a pattern selected from a plain weave, a 3-shed twill, a 3-shed satin, a 4-shed twill and a 4-shed satin.
11. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 wherein the overall repeating weave pattern requires 24 sheds.
12. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3 wherein the third drainage area is between 8% and 15%.
13. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 1 wherein the binder yarns are constructed of a monofilament material selected from polyethylene naphthalate and polyethylene terephthalate.
14. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 13 wherein the monofilament material is polyethylene naphthalate.
15. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 1 wherein the machine side layer yarns are constructed of a monofilament material selected from nylon, polyethylene terephthalate and a blend of polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane.
16. A double layer forming fabric for a papermaking machine woven to an overall repeating weave pattern requiring at least 8 sheds in the loom and comprising in combination a paper side layer having a paper side surface, and a machine side layer, the fabric having at least
(i) paper side layer yarns and machine side layer yarns each oriented in a first direction; and
(ii) a set of yarns comprising only pairs of binder yarns interwoven with the paper side layer yarns and machine side layer yarns in a direction transverse to the first direction, wherein:
(a) in the paper side surface, each pair of binder yarns occupies a single combined path;
(b) the pairs of binder yarns are woven in the overall repeating weave pattern such that for each pair:
(A) in a first segment of the single combined path, a first member of the pair interweaves with selected paper side layer yarns at an interweaving location, and a second member of the pair interlaces with at least one machine side layer yarn at an interlacing location;
(B) in a second segment of the single combined path, the second member of the pair interweaves with selected paper side layer yarns at an interweaving location, and the first member of the pair interlaces with at least one machine side layer yarn;
(C) the length of the first and second segments may be equal or unequal;
(D) between each adjacent segment the members exchange positions at an exchange point, and the members are laterally displaced in relation to each other along the single combined path at and between each consecutive exchange point; and
(E) for each member of each pair of binder yarns, between each interweaving location and an immediately subsequent interlacing location, and between each interlacing location and an immediately subsequent interweaving location, the member floats between the paper side layer yarns and the machine side layer yarns under at least four paper side layer yarns;
(c) the machine side layer is woven to a repeating machine side layer weave pattern in which, for each pair of binder yarns, in each repeat the first member and the second member alternately interlace with selected machine side layer yarns but do not form a complete repeat of the machine side layer weave pattern; and
(d) the fabric has a total warp fill after heatsetting of at least 100%.
17. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 11 wherein in a cross-section of the fabric in the transverse direction, each paper side layer yarn is laterally displaced from proximate machine side layer yarns.
18. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17 wherein in each repeat of the repeating weave pattern a ratio of the number of paper side layer yarns and the number of machine side layer yarns is selected from 3:1, 3:2, 2:1 and 1:1.
19. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 18 wherein the ratio is 3:2.
20. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17 wherein the paper side layer yarns and machine side layer yarns are wefts and the binder yarns are warps.
21. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17 wherein the paper side layer yarns and machine side layer yarns are warps and the binder yarns are wefts.
22. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in any of claims 16 to 21 wherein the machine side layer is woven to a pattern selected from a 6-shed satin, a 12-shed satin, a twill and an N×2N pattern, in which N is the number of sheds in the loom.
23. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 22 wherein the machine side layer is woven to an N×2 N pattern.
24. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in any of claims 16 to 23 wherein the paper side layer is woven to a pattern selected from a plain weave, a 3-shed twill, a 3-shed satin, a 4-shed twill and a 4-shed satin.
25. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in any of claims 16 to 21 wherein the overall repeating weave pattern requires 24 sheds.
26. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 16 wherein the binder yarns are constructed of a monofilament material selected from polyethylene naphthalate and polyethylene terephthalate.
27. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 26 wherein the monofilament material is polyethylene naphthalate.
28. A double layer forming fabric as claimed in claim 16 wherein the machine side layer yarns are constructed of a monofilament material selected from nylon, polyethylene terephthalate and a blend of polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane.