Transgenic mice carrying the HP-2 gene and uses as models for vascular diseases
This invention provides transgenic mice carrying the humanized Hp-2 allele for haptoglobin. Specifically, provided herein are methods of the use of these transgenic mice in the diagnosis and rational drug design of compounds to be used in the treatment of vascular complications in diabetic subjects carrying the Hp-2 gene.
1 . A transgenic mouse and progeny thereof whose genome comprises a nucleic acid encoding a humanized Hp-2 gene, wherein said humanized Hp 2 gene comprises the extracellular domain of a human Hp-2 gene, and said nucleic acid comprises exons 5 and 6 of a human Hp-2 gene, and exons 1,2 3, 4 and of a mouse or human Hp-1 gene.
2 . The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein exons 5 and 6 of said human Hp-2 gene are a duplicate of exons 3 and 4 of said mouse or human Hp 1 gene respectively.
3 . The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein said transgenic mouse exhibits, relative to a wild-type mouse, an increased sensitivity to vascular damage.
4 . The transgenic mouse of claim 3 , wherein said vascular damage is myocardial infract, vascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy or cardiovascular disease.
5 . A transgenic mouse and progeny thereof whose genome comprises a nucleic acid which does not encode murine Hp gene.
6 . The transgenic mouse of claims 1 or 5 , wherein said transgenic mouse is fertile and transmits said transgene to its offspring
7 . A cell obtained from the transgenic mouse of claim 1 or 5 .
8 . A method for identifying in vivo a biological activity of a compound, said method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a transgenic mouse expressing humanized Hp-2 gene;
b. administering said compound to said mouse;
c. determining an expressed pathology of said mouse; and
d. identifying a in vivo biological activity of said compound.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein said biological activity is an oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus (DM), myocardial infract, vascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy or cardiovascular disease.
10 . The method of claim 9 , comprising ameliorating said pathology by administrating to said transgenic mouse an effective amount of glutathione peroxidase or a mimetic thereof.
11 . A method for evaluating in a transgenic mouse the potential therapeutic effect of a compound for treating pathogenesis of a vascular disease in a human, which comprises:
a. administering the compound to the transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein said mouse exhibits at least one vascular disease which is diabetes mellitus (DM), myocardial infract, vascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy or cardiovascular disease; and
b. determining the therapeutic effect of the compound on the transgenic mouse.
12 . The method of claim 11 , comprising comparing the therapeutic effect of the compound relative to the therapeutic effect of glutathione peroxidase.
13 . A method of making a transgenic mouse comprising:
a. introducing into a mouse embryo a polynucleotide comprising a coding region which encodes Hp-2 gene product;
b. transferring the embryo into a foster mother mouse;
c. permitting the embryo to gestate; and
d. selecting a transgenic mouse born to said foster mother mouse,
wherein said transgenic mouse is characterized in that it has an increased probability of developing diabetes-related vascular complications when compared to a non-transgenic littennate.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein step d comprises mating two selected transgenic mice; permitting the embryos to gestate; and selecting a transgenic mouse born to a transgenic mother.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the method is repeated for more than one generation.
16 . A method of culturing transgenic cells comprising the steps of:
a providing the cell of claim 7; and
b. culturing said cell under conditions that allow growth of said cell.