Thermotolerant starch-polyester composites and methods of making same
Starch-polyester blends are disclosed herein. The composite formulations have improved thermotolerance and workability, relative to polyesters used alone, so that they may be molded into disposable items for heat related applications. For example, composite products may include cutlery, cups, plates, bowls, packaging and the like.
1 . A composite product with a heat distortion temperature of at least 120° C., comprising:
semicrystalline polylactic acid (PLA);
starch; and
a compatibilizer.
2 . The product of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of cellulose fiber, cotton fiber, wood fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber, glass fiber, mineral fillers, and a pigment.
3 . The product of claim 2 , wherein the amount of cellulose fiber, cotton fiber, wood fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber, and glass fiber ranges from about 0-30% by weight.
4 . The product of claim 2 , wherein the mineral filler is selected from the group consisting of clays, nanoclays, talc, mica, calcium carbonate, and combinations thereof.
5 . The product of claim 4 , wherein the mineral filler ranges from about 0-15% by weight.
6 . The product of claim 2 , wherein the pigment is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, iron red, carbon black, organic pigments, and combinations thereof.
7 . The product of claim 6 , wherein the pigment ranges from about 0-5% by weight.
8 . The product of claim 2 , wherein a total amount of starch, cellulose fiber, cotton fiber, wood fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber, glass fiber, and mineral filler is at least 35% by weight of the product.
9 . The product of claim 1 , further comprising a plasticizer.
10 . The product of claim 8 , wherein the plasticizer ranges from 0-10% by weight.
11 . The product of claim 1 , wherein the starch is present in a range of from about 25-75% by weight.
12 . The product of claim 1 , wherein the semicrystalline PLA is present in a range of from about 20-75% by weight.
13 . The product of claim 1 , wherein the compatibilizer is present in a range of from about 1-10% by weight.
14 . The product of claim 1 , wherein the compatibilizer is maleated PLA.
15 . The product of claim 1 , wherein the semicrystalline PLA has a melt index of 0.1-100 using ASTM D1238 testing method.
16 . The product of claim 1 , wherein the product has a tensile strength of at least 30 MPa and a tensile modulus of at least 1,000 MPa.
17 . A method of preparing a thermotolerant starch-polyester composite, comprising the steps of:
mixing semicrystalline PLA, starch and maleated PLA;
compounding the mixture at a temperature of about 120-220° C.;
molding the compounded mixture into the shape of a final product; and
annealing the final product at a temperature of from about 90-120° C. for 10-30 minutes.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the annealed product has a thermal distortion temperature above 120° C.