Negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, a method of preparing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same
A negative active material for a lithium rechargeable battery is provided. The negative active material includes an active metal core and a crack inhibiting layer disposed on a surface of the active metal core. The crack inhibiting layer includes a metal oxide.
1. A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
an active metal core comprising active metal particles, wherein the active metal core comprises an active metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, and combinations thereof; and
a crack inhibiting layer comprising manganese oxide, the crack inhibiting layer completely surrounding the active metal particles.
2. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the active metal particles have an average particle diameter of about 50 μm or less.
3. The negative active material of claim 2 , wherein the active metal particles have an average particle diameter ranging from about 1 to about 10 μm.
4. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a thickness of the crack inhibiting layer to an average particle diameter of the active metal particles ranges from about 0.01 to about 1.
5. The negative active material of claim 4 , wherein the ratio of the thickness of the crack inhibiting layer to the average particle diameter of the active metal particles ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.5.
6. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the crack inhibiting layer further comprises an elemental metal.
7. The negative active material of claim 6 , wherein the elemental metal comprises a transition metal.
8. The negative active material of claim 7 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, V, Al, Ti, and combinations thereof.
9. The negative active material of claim 1 , wherein the crack inhibiting layer has an ion conductivity of about 0.012 1/mohm·cm or greater.
10. A rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
a negative electrode comprising a negative active material comprising:
an active metal core comprising active metal particles, wherein the active metal core comprises an active metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, and combinations thereof, and
a crack inhibiting layer comprising manganese oxide, the crack inhibiting layer completely surrounding the active metal particles;
a positive electrode comprising a positive active material capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating lithium; and
an electrolyte.
11. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 10 , wherein after charging of the rechargeable lithium battery, the crack inhibiting layer further comprises lithium oxide (Li 2 O) and an elemental metal.