Decoding a concatenated convolutional-encoded and block encoded signal
View Patent ↗Encoded symbols of a concatenated convolutional-encoded and block encoded signal are presented to a conventional first stage of a concatenated decoder, comprising in sequence a soft metric generator, a Viterbi decoder, a first de-interleaver and a first block decoder such as a Reed-Solomon decoder. The encoded symbols are also presented to a delay chain to produce progressively delayed encoded symbols. Where an output block of the conventional decoder is indicated as being a valid codeword by the first block decoder, the bytes in this block are marked as being correct. These bytes that are known to be correct are then used after interleaving and serialization as known bits input to a second stage of the decoder process operating on the delayed encoded symbols and incorporating a modified soft metric generator constrained by the known bits. This process can be extended to further iterations as required. A modified Viterbi decoder, which is also constrained by the known bits, may also be used in the second and subsequent iterative stages.
1. A method of decoding a concatenated convolutional-encoded and block encoded signal, the method comprising the steps of:
a) applying the encoded signal to a first soft metric generator means to generate soft metrics and to a first delay means to output a delayed encoded signal;
b) applying the first soft metrics to a first Viterbi decoder means to decode the soft metrics representing convolutional-encoded symbols of the encoded signal and to output a first block encoded Viterbi-decoded signal;
c) decoding the block encoded signal with a first block decoder means and marking decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly decoded blocks to form a marked decoded signal;
d) applying the delayed encoded signal and the marked decoded signal to a modified soft metric generator means arranged to generate modified soft metrics for remaining uncertain bits constrained by the decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly decoded blocks to generate modified soft metrics for remaining uncertain bits consistent with the decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly coded blocks;
e) applying the modified soft metrics to a second Viterbi decoder means to decode the modified soft metrics representative of convolutional encoded symbols of the delayed encoded signal and to output a block encoded second Viterbi-decoded signal; and
f) decoding the block encoded second Viterbi-decoded signal with a second block decoder means and outputting a second decoded signal.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising the further steps of:
g) marking decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly decoded blocks in the second decoded signal to form a second marked decoded signal; and
h) iteratively repeating steps d) to f) with the second marked decoded signal, to output a further decoded signal.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step e) comprises applying the delayed encoded signal, the modified soft metrics and the marked decoded signal to modified Viterbi decoder means wherein the modified Viterbi decoder means is arranged to be constrained by the decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly decoded blocks to constrain the Viterbi decoding to bit values consistent with the decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly coded blocks.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3 for decoding a Digital Video Broadcasting-Digital Satellite News Gathering (DVB-DSNG) signal, where step c) comprises:
c1) applying the first Viterbi-decoded signal and the delayed encoded signal to demap uncoded data means and byte sync means to estimate an uncoded bit from the delayed encoded signal and from a re-coded convolutional-encoded version of the first Viterbi-decoded signal and for synchronising the resultant bits and assembling the synchronised resultant bits into bytes, respectively;
c2) de-interleaving the bytes; and
c3) decoding the bytes with the block decoder means and marking decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly decoded blocks to form a marked decoded signal.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3 for decoding a Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal, wherein step b) comprises:
b1) bit de-interleaving the soft metrics before applying the soft metrics to the Viterbi decoder means and byte de-interleaving the block encoded first Viterbi-decoded signal before decoding the block encoded signal;
step d) comprises:
d1) byte interleaving the marked decoded signal to form a byte interleaved marked decoded signal;
d2) convolutionally encoding the byte interleaved marked decoded signal to form a convolutional-encoded marked decoded signal;
d3) bit interleaving the convolutional-encoded marked decoded signal for application to the modified soft metric generator means;
step e) comprises:
e) bit de-interleaving the soft metrics before application thereof to the modified Viterbi decoder means; and
step f) comprises
f1) byte de-interleaving the second Viterbi-decoded signal before application thereof to the second block decoder means.
6. A decoder for a concatenated convolutional-encoded and block encoded signal, the decoder comprising:
a first soft metric generator means for generating soft metrics from the encoded signal and first delay means for outputting a delayed encoded signal;
a first Viterbi decoder means for decoding the soft metrics representative of convolutional-encoded symbols of the encoded signal thereby generating a block encoded first Viterbi-decoded signal;
a first block decoder means for decoding the block encoded signal and for marking decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly decoded blocks to form a marked decoded signal;
a modified soft metric generator means arranged to generate modified soft metrics for remaining uncertain bits from the delayed encoded signal, constrained by the decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly coded blocks, thereby generating modified soft metrics for remaining uncertain bits consistent with the decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly coded blocks;
a second Viterbi decoder means for decoding the modified soft metrics representative of convolutional-encoded symbols of the delayed encoded signal and for outputting a second block encoded Viterbi-decoded signal; and
second block decoder means for decoding the second block encoded signal and outputting a second decoded signal.
7. A decoder as claimed in claim 6 , wherein:
the second block decoder means is arranged for marking decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly decoded blocks in the second decoded signal to form a second marked decoded signal; and
one or more further stages are provided for progressively delaying the encoded signal and iteratively decoding the encoded signal using the second or further marked decoded signals, to output a further decoded signal.
8. A decoder as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising modified Viterbi decoder means for applying the delayed encoded signal, the modified soft metrics and the marked decoded signal thereto, the modified Viterbi decoder means being arranged to be constrained by the decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly coded blocks to constrain the Viterbi decoding to bit values consistent with the decoded bits identified as belonging to correctly decoded blocks.
9. A decoder as claimed in claim 8 for decoding a Digital Video Broadcasting-Digital Satellite News Gathering (DVB-DSNG) signal, further comprising:
demap uncoded data means and byte sync means for applying the first Viterbi-decoded signal and the delayed encoded signal thereto for estimating an uncoded bit from the delayed encoded signal and from a re-coded convolutional-encoded version of the first Viterbi-decoded signal and for synchronising the resultant bits and assembling means for assembling the synchronised resultant bits into bytes, respectively; and
de-interleaving means for de-interleaving the bytes.
10. A decoder as claimed in claim 8 for decoding a Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) signal, further comprising:
bit de-interleaving means for bit de-interleaving the soft metrics before applying the soft metrics to the Viterbi decoder means and byte de-interleaving means for byte de-interleaving the block encoded first Viterbi-decoded signal before decoding the block encoded signal in first block decoder means;
byte interleaving means for byte interleaving the marked decoded signal to form a byte interleaved marked decoded signal;
convolutional encoding means for convolutionally encoding the byte interleaved marked decoded signal to form a convolutional-encoded marked decoded signal;
bit interleaving means for bit interleaving the convolutional-encoded marked decoded signal for application to the modified soft metric generator means;
bit de-interleaving means for bit de-interleaving the modified soft metrics before application thereof to the modified Viterbi decoder means; and
byte de-interleaving means for byte de-interleaving the second block encoded Viterbi-decoded signal before application thereof to the second block decoder means.