Monomers comprising superacidic groups, and polymers therefrom
The invention relates generally to monomers comprising superacidic functional groups. The superacidic functional groups comprise fluorinated sulfonate moieties. Monomers provided by the present invention include dihydroxy aromatic compounds, aromatic diamines, aromatic dicarboxylic acids, aromatic diacarboxylic acid esters, aromatic dithiols, and monomers comprising mixed functionalities, for example monomers comprising an aromatic amine group and an aromatic hydroxyl group. The monomers provided by the present invention are useful in the preparation of novel polymers comprising superacidic functional groups, materials useful in membrane applications. The superacidic functional groups present in the polymer compositions impart excellent proton conductivities. In one embodiment, the present invention provides monomers which may be used to prepare polymers useful as materials for polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes.
1 . A monomer having formula I
wherein E is a C 5 -C 50 aromatic radical;
Z is a bond, O, S, SO, SO 2 , a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“A” is a sulfonate moiety selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid moiety, a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety having formula SO 3 M wherein M is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, and a sulfonate ester moiety having formula SO 3 R, wherein R is a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
T is a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, and thiol; and
“r” is an integer ranging from 1 to 20.
2 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein T is a hydroxyl group.
3 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein T is an amine group.
4 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein Z is an oxygen.
5 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein “r” is 2.
6 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein Z is a carbonyl group.
7 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein E is a C 6 aromatic radical having formula II.
wherein the dashed line -----* indicates a point of attachment of the group -Z(CF 2 ) r A and the dashed lines ------ indicate a point of attachment of the groups T.
8 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein E is a C14 aromatic radical having formula II
wherein the dashed line indicates a point of attachment of the group -Z(CF 2 ) r A and the dashed lines indicate a point of attachment to the groups T.
9 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein “A” is a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety, said salt having formula SO 3 M, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, lithium, and cesium.
10 . The monomer of claim 1 , wherein E comprises a perfluorinated C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, or a perfluorinated C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical.
11 . The monomer of claim 10 , wherein E comprises a perfluorinated C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical.
12 . A monomer having formula V
wherein Z is a bond, O, S, SO, SO 2 , a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“A” is a sulfonate moiety selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid moiety, a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety having formula SO 3 M wherein M is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, and a sulfonate ester moiety having formula SO 3 R, wherein R is a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
T is a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, and thiol;
R 1 is a C 1 -C 40 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“r” is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; and
“a” is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 3.
13 . The monomer of claim 12 , wherein T is a hydroxyl.
14 . The monomer of claim 12 , wherein T is an amine.
15 . The monomer of claim 12 , wherein r is 2.
16 . The monomer of claim 12 , wherein “A” is a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety, said salt having formula SO 3 M, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, lithium, and cesium.
17 . The monomer of claim 12 , wherein “A” is a sulfonate ester.
18 . The monomer of claim 12 , having formula VI
19 . A monomer having formula VII
wherein J is a hydrogen, a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
Z is a bond, O, S, SO, SO 2 , a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“A” is a sulfonate moiety selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid moiety, a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety having formula SO 3 M wherein M is a hydrogen, an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, and a sulfonate ester moiety having formula SO 3 R, wherein R is a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
T is a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, and thiol;
R 2 and R 3 are independently at each occurrence a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“r” is an integer ranging from 1 to 20;
“b” is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 4; and
“c” is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 4.
20 . The monomer of claim 19 , wherein T is a hydroxyl.
21 . The monomer of claim 19 , wherein T is an amine.
22 . The monomer of claim 19 , wherein J is a C 1 -C 20 perfluorinated aliphatic radical, or a perfluorinated C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical.
23 . The monomer of claim 22 , wherein J is a perfluorinated C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical.
24 . The monomer of claim 19 , wherein “r” is 2.
25 . The monomer of claim 19 , wherein A is a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety, said salt having formula SO 3 M, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, lithium, and cesium.