Polymers comprising superacidic groups, and uses thereof
The invention relates generally to polymers derived from monomers having aromatic superacidic functional groups. The superacidic functional groups comprise fluorinated sulfonate moieties. Polymers provided by the present invention include polyethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyestercarbonates, polyetherketones, and polyethersulfones among others. The polymers provided by the present invention include block and random copolymers. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polyetherketone-polyethersulfone block copolymer comprising superacidic functional groups. Polymers comprising superacidic functional groups are useful materials in membrane applications. The superacidic functional groups present in the new polymer compositions impart excellent proton conductivities. In one embodiment, the present invention provides polymers useful as materials for polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes.
1 . A polymer comprising structural units derived from a monomer having formula I
wherein E is a C 5 -C 50 aromatic radical;
Z is a bond, O, S, SO, SO 2 , a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“A” is a sulfonate moiety selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid moiety, a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety having formula SO 3 M wherein M is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, and a sulfonate ester moiety having formula SO 3 R, wherein R is a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
T is a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, and thiol; and
“r” is an integer ranging from 1 to 20.
2 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein T is a hydroxyl group.
3 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein T is an amine group.
4 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein Z is an oxygen.
5 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein said polymer is a polyether ketone.
6 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein said polymer is a polyether sulfone.
7 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein E is a C 6 aromatic radical having formula II
wherein the dashed line ----* indicates a point of attachment of the group -Z(CF 2 ) r A and the dashed lines ---- indicate a point of attachment of the groups T.
8 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein E is a C 14 aromatic radical having formula III
wherein the dashed line ----* indicates a point of attachment of the group -Z(CF 2 ) r A and the dashed lines ---- indicate a point of attachment to the groups T.
9 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein “A” is a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety, said salt having formula SO 3 M, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, lithium, and cesium.
10 . The polymer of claim 1 , wherein E comprises a perfluorinated C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, or a perfluorinated C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical.
11 . The polymer of claim 10 , wherein E comprises a perfluorinated C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical.
12 . A polymer comprising structural units derived from a monomer having formula V
wherein Z is a bond, O, S, SO, SO 2 , a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“A” is a sulfonate moiety selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid moiety, a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety having formula SO 3 M wherein M is an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, and a sulfonate ester moiety having formula SO 3 R, wherein R is a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
T is a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, and thiol;
R 1 is a C 1 -C 40 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“r” is an integer ranging from 1 to 20; and
“a” is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 3.
13 . The polymer of claim 12 , wherein T is a hydroxyl.
14 . The polymer of claim 12 , wherein T is an amine.
15 . The polymer of claim 12 , wherein r is 2.
16 . The polymer of claim 12 , wherein “A” is a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety, said salt having formula SO 3 M, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, lithium, and cesium.
17 . The polymer of claim 12 , wherein said polymer is a polyether ketone.
18 . The polymer of claim 12 , wherein said polymer is a polyether sulfone.
19 . A polymer comprising structural units derived from a monomer having formula VII
wherein J is a hydrogen, a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
Z is a bond, O, S, SO, SO 2 , a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“A” is a sulfonate moiety selected from the group consisting of a sulfonic acid moiety, a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety having formula SO 3 M wherein M is a hydrogen, an inorganic cation, or an organic cation, and a sulfonate ester moiety having formula SO 3 R, wherein R is a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
T is a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, and thiol;
R 2 and R 3 are independently at each occurrence a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 -C 40 aromatic radical, or a C 4 -C 20 cycloaliphatic radical;
“r” is an integer ranging from 1 to 20;
“b” is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 4; and
“c” is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 4.
20 . The polymer of claim 19 , wherein T is a hydroxyl.
21 . The polymer of claim 19 , wherein T is an amine.
22 . The polymer of claim 19 , wherein J is a C 1 -C 20 perfluorinated aliphatic radical, or a perfluorinated C 3 -C 20 aromatic radical.
23 . The polymer of claim 22 , wherein J is a perfluorinated C 1 -C 20 aliphatic radical.
24 . The polymer of claim 19 , wherein said polymer is a polyether sulfone.
25 . The polymer of claim 24 , wherein A is a salt of a sulfonic acid moiety, said salt having formula SO 3 M, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, lithium, and cesium.