Methods and kits for delivering pharmaceutical agents into the coronary vascular adventitia
Methods and kits for delivering pharmaceutical agents to the adventitia surrounding a blood vessel utilize a catheter having a microneedle. The microneedle is positioned in the perivascular space and delivers an amount of pharmaceutical agent sufficient to circumferentially permeate around the blood vessel and, in many cases, extend longitudinally along the blood vessel and in some cases to the adventitia surrounding other blood vessels.
1 . A method for distributing an agent in the adventitial tissue of a living vertebrate host, said method comprising:
positioning a microneedle through the wall of a blood vessel so that an aperture of the microneedle is positioned in a perivascular space surrounding the blood vessel; and
delivering an amount of the agent into the perivascular space so that the agent distributes substantially completely circumferentially through adventitial tissue surrounding the blood vessel at the site of the microneedle, wherein the agent distributes longitudinally along the blood vessel over a distance of at least 1 cm within a time period no greater than 60 minutes so that the concentration of agent in the adventitia at a location spaced 2 cm longitudinally from the delivery site is at least 10% of the concentration at the delivery site.
2 . A method as in claim 1 , wherein the agent is one of an antiproliferative agent, immunosuppressive agent, cytostatic agent, anti-inflammatory agent, antineoplastic agent, macrolide antibiotic agent, antiviral agent, antibody agent, lipid-lowering agent, gene therapy agent, anti-sense agent, metalloproteinase inhibitor agent, cell cycle inhibitor or modulator agent, growth factor inhibitor or modulator agent, angiogenesis gene or agent, anti-angiogenesis gene or agent, and antithrombotic agent.
3 . A method as in claim 1 , wherein the agent distributes into regions of the adventitia surrounding other blood vessels.
4 . A method as in claim 1 , wherein the aperture of the microneedle is positioned at a distance from an inner wall of the blood vessel equal to at least 10% of the mean luminal diameter of the blood vessel at the microneedle site.
5 . A method as in claim 4 , wherein the distance is from 10% to 75% of the mean luminal diameter.
6 . A method as in claim 1 , wherein the amount of the agent is in the range from 10 μl to 5000 μl.
7 . A method as in claim 1 , wherein the agent distributes from the adventitia transmurally back into the intima.
8 . A method as in claim 1 , wherein the blood vessel is a coronary blood vessel.
9 . A method as in claim 8 , wherein the coronary blood vessel is an artery.
10 . A method as in claim 9 , wherein the coronary artery is at risk of hyperplasia.
11 . A method as in claim 9 , wherein the coronary artery has regions of vulnerable plaque.
12 . A method as in claim 1 , wherein the patient is suffering from congestive heart failure or a cardiac arrhythmia.
13 . A method for distributing an agent in the adventitial tissue of a living vertebrate host, said method comprising:
positioning a microneedle through the wall of a blood vessel so that an aperture of the microneedle is positioned in a perivascular space surrounding the blood vessel; and
delivering an amount of the agent into the perivascular space so that the agent distributes substantially completely circumferentially through adventitial tissue surrounding the blood vessel at the site of the microneedle, wherein the aperture of the microneedle is positioned at a distance from an inner wall of the blood vessel equal to at least 10% of the mean luminal diameter of the blood vessel at the microneedle site.
14 . A method as in claim 13 , wherein the agent is one of an antiproliferative agent, immunosuppressive agent, cytostatic agent, anti-inflammatory agent, antineoplastic agent, macrolide antibiotic agent, antiviral agent, antibody agent, lipid-lowering agent, gene therapy agent, anti-sense agent, metalloproteinase inhibitor agent, cell cycle inhibitor or modulator agent, growth factor inhibitor or modulator agent, angiogenesis gene or agent, anti-angiogenesis gene or agent, and antithrombotic agent.
15 . A method as set in claim 13 , wherein the agent distributes longitudinally along the blood vessel over a distance of at least 1 cm or within a time period no greater than 60 minutes.
16 . A method as in claim 15 , wherein the concentration of agent in the adventitia at a location spaced 2 cm longitudinally from the delivery site is at least 10% of the concentration at the delivery site.
17 . A method as in claim 13 , wherein the agent distributes into regions of the adventitia surrounding other blood vessels.
18 . A method as in claim 13 , wherein the distance is from 10% to 75% of the mean luminal diameter.
19 . A method as in claim 13 , wherein the amount of the agent is in the range from 10 μl to 5000 μl.
20 . A method as in claim 13 , wherein the agent distributes from the adventitia transmurally back into the intima.
21 . A method as in claim 13 , wherein the blood vessel is a coronary blood vessel.
22 . A method as in claim 21 wherein the coronary blood vessel is an artery.
23 . A method as in claim 22 wherein the coronary artery is at risk of hyperplasia.
24 . A method as in claim 22 wherein the coronary artery has regions of vulnerable plaque.
25 . A method as in claim 13 , wherein the patient is suffering from congestive heart failure or a cardiac arrhythmia.