Electrokinetic pump designs and drug delivery systems
The present invention provides a fluid delivery system having a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber; a flow-through pump element separating the first chamber from the second chamber; a moveable pump element separating the second chamber from the third chamber; a first outlet in communication with the third chamber; and second outlet in communication with the second chamber. Additionally, the present invention provides methods of operating a fluid delivery system having a first chamber, a second chamber and a delivery chamber by reducing the volume of the second chamber while increasing the volume of the delivery chamber without operation of a flow-through pump element that separates the second chamber from the first chamber.
1. A fluid delivery system, comprising:
a housing having a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber;
an electrokinetic pump element separating the first chamber from the second chamber, the electrokinetic pump element comprising a porous dielectric material disposed between a pair of electrodes;
a first moveable pump element separating the second chamber from the third chamber;
a second moveable pump element defining a wall of the first chamber;
a pump liquid in the first chamber;
a storage liquid in the second chamber in contact with the flow-through pump element;
a first outlet through a wall in the housing in communication with the third chamber; and a second outlet through a wall in the housing at the second chamber, the second outlet configured to allow the storage liquid in the second chamber to flow therethrough without flowing through the electrokinetic pump element as the first movable element moves towards the second chamber.
2. The fluid delivery system according to claim 1 wherein the second moveable pump element is a diaphragm.
3. The fluid delivery system according to claim 1 further comprising: a valve separating the second outlet from an exterior of the housing.
4. The fluid delivery system according to claim 1 further comprising: a flap separating the second outlet from an exterior of the housing.
5. The fluid delivery system according to claim 1 further comprising: a valve positioned in the housing that when actuated allows communication between the third chamber and an exterior of the housing and communication between the second chamber and the first chamber.
6. The fluid delivery system according to claim 1 further comprising an air vent in communication with the first chamber, the second chamber or the third chamber.
7. The fluid delivery system according to claim 1 wherein a portion of the housing is shaped to conform to an anatomical contour.
8. The fluid delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid delivery system is configured such that a volume of the second chamber reduces and a volume of the third chamber increases during removal of the storage fluid from the second chamber.
9. The fluid delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid delivery system is configured such that a delivery fluid can be filled into the third chamber while storage liquid is removed from the second chamber.
10. The fluid delivery system of claim 9 , wherein the fluid delivery system is further configured such that, in operation, the electrokinetic pump element is configured to move the pump fluid from the first chamber and into the second chamber, thereby causing the delivery fluid to be expelled out of the first outlet.
11. The fluid delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the storage liquid is a different fluid than the pump liquid.
12. The fluid delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the storage liquid and the pump liquid comprise the same fluid.
13. The fluid delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the pump liquid is an electrolyte.
14. The fluid delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the second moveable pump element is within the housing.