Vaccination method for controlling coccidiosis in fowl
A method for protecting fowl against coccidiosis includes the steps of inoculating the fowl with coccidial oocysts from a strain of Eimeria that is at least partially resistant to an ionophore and subsequently administering to the fowl the ionophore and at least one chemotherapeutic anticoccidial agent. In particular, the ionophore is administered in stages both before and after the administration of the at least on chemotherapeutic agent. In a preferred embodiments, the method provides protection from coccidiosis without administration of antibiotics to the fowl and without continued administration of agents throughout the life of the fowl.
1 . A method for protecting a fowl against coccidiosis comprising the steps of:
(a) orally inoculating a neonatal fowl with a suspension of sporulated coccidial oocysts, wherein the coccidial oocysts are from a strain of Eimeria that is at least partially resistant to an ionophore;
(b) subsequently administering to the inoculated fowl the ionophore to which the Eirneria strain is at least partially resistant;
(c) continuing to administer the ionophore to the inoculated fowl daily for up to 21 days;
(d) subsequently administering at least one chemotherapeutic anticoccidial agent to the inoculated fowl for 3 to 10 days; and
(e) subsequently administering the ionophore to the inoculated fowl daily for at least 7 days.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the fowl are inoculated by spraying with a suspension of sporulated coccidial oocysts within 48 hours of hatching.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the spraying occurs within 12 to 24 hours of hatching.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the coccidial oocysts are obtained from Eirneria species selected from the group consisting of Eirneria maxima, Eirneria acervulina, Eirneria tenella, Eirneria mivati, and Eirneria necatrix and combinations thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the suspension of coccidial oocysts comprises 10 to 10,000 sporulated oocysts per dose.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the suspension of coccidial oocysts comprises 100 to 1,000 sporulated oocysts per dose.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionophore is selected from the group consisting of lasalocid, salinomycin, monensin, narasin, nicarbazin, semduramicin, and maduramicin.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionophore is administered in feed in an amount ranging from 20 to 115 grams per ton of feed.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one anticoccidial agent comprises an effective dose of at least one drug selected from the group consisting of diclazuril, nicarbazin, robenidine, hatofuginone, zoalene, amprolium, and roxarsone.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the fowl is selected from the group consisting of chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quail, and pheasants.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ionophore is administered in feed.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one anticoccidial agent is administered in feed or in drinking water.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one anticoccidial agent comprises a first anticoccidial agent and a second anticoccidial agent, and wherein the first anticoccidial agent is administered in the feed and the second anticoccidial agent is administered in the drinking water.
14 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the ionophore is narasin or a combination of narasin and nicarbazin in equal amounts.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the ionophore is administered at about 54 to 90 grams per ton of feed.
16 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the ionophore is lasalocid.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the ionophore is administered at about 20 to 115 grams per ton of feed.
18 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the ionophore is salinomycin.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the ionophore is administered at about 40 to 60 grams per ton of feed.
20 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the ionophore is monensin.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the ionophore is administered at about 90 to 110 grams per ton of feed.
22 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the ionophore is semduramicin.
23 . The method of claim 22 , wherein the ionophore is administered at about 20 to 23 grams per ton of feed.
24 . A method for protecting a fowl against coccidiosis consisting of the steps of:
(a) orally inoculating a neonatal fowl with a suspension of sporulated coccidial oocysts, wherein the coccidial oocysts are from a strain of Eimeria that is at least partially resistant to an ionophore;
(b) subsequently administering to the inoculate fowl the ionophore to which the Eimeria strain is at least partially resistant;
(c) continuing to administer the ionophore to the inoculated fowl daily for up to 21 days;
(d) subsequently administering at least one chemotherapeutic anticoccidial agent to the inoculated fowl for 3 to 10 days; and
(e) subsequently administering the ionophore to the inoculated fowl daily for at least 7 days.