Low-thermal-inertia intake ports for port-injected, spark ignition engines and an associated manufacturing method
View Patent ↗The present invention provides an intake port design that provides a low thermal inertia characteristic, thereby decoupling the surface temperature of the intake port walls from that of the coolant through use of an air gap formed between the intake port and the cylinder head. At idle and part-throttle, the intake port is at a higher surface temperature yielding better cold-start emissions, better mixture preparation, and less dense intake charge (“thermal throttling”) for better fuel economy. At wide-open-throttle, the intake port is at a lower surface temperature yielding better volumetric efficiency for improved torque and reduction in knocking tendency enabling higher compression ratio for improved fuel economy and performance. The intake port design of the present invention can be manufactured with a hydroform manufacturing process resulting in improved dimensional consistency and smooth surface finish. Additionally, the process eliminates some cylinder head machining processes.
1. A low-thermal-inertia intake port for a port-injected, spark ignition engine comprising:
intake port walls disposed within a cylinder head such that an air gap is formed between the intake port walls and the cylinder head;
wherein the air gap extends from above a valve seat at a downstream end of the intake port to below an upstream end of the intake port;
wherein the air gap is operable to thermally decouple the temperature of the intake port walls from the temperature of the engine providing thermal characteristics mimicking ideal thermal characteristics for intake port walls.
2. The low-thermal-inertia intake port of claim 1 , wherein the ideal thermal characteristics of the walls of the intake port relative to an engine coolant comprise higher surface temperature at idle, and part-throttle and lower surface temperature at wide-open throttle.
3. The low-thermal-inertia intake port of claim 1 , wherein the walls of the intake port comprise pre-formed sheet metal.
4. The low-thermal-inertia intake port of claim 3 further comprising a valve guide located in a hole punched within the pre-formed sheet metal, wherein the valve guide comprises an aperture adapted for receipt of a stem portion of an intake valve therethrough.
5. The low-thermal-inertia intake port of claim 4 further comprising a valve seat at a downstream opening of the intake port operable to control the selective flow of air and fuel through the intake port cooperative with an intake valve.
6. The low-thermal-inertia intake port of claim 5 , wherein the valve guide and valve seat are furnace brazed to the pre-formed sheet metal.
7. The low-thermal-inertia intake port of claim 6 , wherein core sand is added to the preformed sheet metal, with the valve guide and valve seat furnace brazed to the pre-formed sheet metal.
8. The low-thermal-inertia intake port of claim 1 , wherein the air gap is at least 1 mm.
9. A method of operating a port-injected, spark ignition engine with a plurality of low thermal inertia intake ports comprising the steps of:
heating the walls of the plurality of low-thermal-inertia intake port during cold start and warm-up relative to the engine coolant;
conveying heat to liquid fuel films residing in the intake ports during light load; and
minimizing heat flux from the port walls to the liquid fuel films at high load and low-to-mid speed operating conditions.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein each of the plurality of low thermal inertia intake ports comprise:
intake port walls disposed within a cylinder head such that an air gap is formed between the intake port walls and the cylinder head;
wherein the air gap extends from above a valve seat at a downstream end of the intake port to below an upstream end of the intake port;
wherein the air gap is operable to thermally decouple the temperature of the intake port walls from the temperature of the engine providing thermal characteristics mimicking ideal thermal characteristics for intake port walls.
11. A manufacturing method for a low-thermal-inertia intake port for a port-injected, spark ignition engine comprising the steps of:
hydroforming steel tubing to form intake port walls for the low thermal inertia intake port;
punching a valve guide hole in the hydroformed steel tubing;
furnace brazing an intake valve guide and valve seat to the hydroformed steel tubing;
adding core sand to the furnace brazed and hydroformed steel tubing;
performing aluminum casting; and
removing the core sand through a deliberate opening to form an air cap between walls of the low-thermal-inertia intake port and a cylinder head;
wherein the air gap extends from above a valve seat at a downstream end of the intake port to below an upstream end of the intake port; and
wherein the air gap is operable to thermally decouple the temperature of the walls from the temperature of the engine providing thermal characteristics mimicking ideal thermal characteristics for intake port walls.
12. The manufacturing method of claim 11 further comprising the step of machining the inner surface of the valve seat and the stem portion of the valve guide.