Method and Apparatus for Managing Buffers During Transitions Between Heterogenous Networks
A method and apparatus that enables a mobile device to seamlessly transition between packet-switched wireless networks to while maintaining access to a resource is described. The invention includes a delay measurement component, a buffer management component and a mobile device component. The delay measurement component actively measures downlink packet delays from a packet duplication point to each of the interfaces of the mobile device with a single time reference. A buffer management component compares the measured delays to identify a delay difference and uses the delay difference to manage packet delivery on each network during the transition. A mobile device component includes functionality for assisting in the delay measurement and organizing packets received during transition. As a result of the above mechanisms, delay measurement and buffer management, “slips” and “repeats” due to network transition are minimized, which guarantees an enhanced Quality of Experience (QoE).
1 . A method for controlling the transmission of packets to a device that is transitioning from a first network to a second network includes the steps of:
measuring link delays to the device using each of the first and second networks; and
selectively directing packets to either the first network or second network in response to the measured link delays.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the step of selectively directing packets to either the first network or second network includes the step of controlling pointers of a multi-threshold buffer to identify packets to forward over the first and second networks.
3 . The method of claim 2 wherein the step of controlling the pointers of the multi-threshold buffer includes the step of periodically modifying the pointers in accordance with the measured link delays.
4 . The method of claim 1 including the step of filtering the measured link delays.
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein the step of measuring link delays includes the step of measuring round trip delays and cross round trip delays to the device over the first and second network and wherein the step of measuring cross round trip delays, includes the step of transmitting, by a reference point, a Cross Round Trip Delay Measurement (CRTDM) packet to the device.
6 . The method of claim 5 wherein the CRTDM packet identifies an outgoing interface for the device to use when returning the CRTDM packet to the reference point.
7 . The method of claim 6 wherein the step of measuring the round trip delays and cross round trip delays includes the steps of:
measuring a first round trip delay between a reference point and a first interface of the device in the first network;
measuring a second round trip delay between the reference point and a second interface of the device in the second network;
measuring a first cross round trip delay of a packet sent from the reference point to the device on the first network and back to the reference point on the second network;
measuring a second cross round trip delay to the device from the reference point to the device on the second network and from the device to the reference point on the first network; and
wherein the step of selectively directing directs packets to either the first network or second network in response to the first round trip delay, second round trip delay, first cross round trip delay and second cross round trip delay.
8 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the steps of measuring round trip delays, cross round trip delays and selectively directing are performed at a common reference point device.
9 . The method of claim 8 further including the step of determining a first link delay to the mobile device through the first network and a second link delay to the mobile device through the second network using the measured round trip delays and measured cross round trip delays.
10 . The method of claim 9 wherein the reference point device includes a multi-threshold buffer for storing packets to be delivered to the device, wherein the buffer comprises a plurality of pointers which are controlled in response to the first link delay and second link delay.
11 . The method of claim 10 wherein the pointers of the multi-threshold buffer identify packets for forwarding from different interfaces of the reference point.
12 . A method for controlling the delivery of packets to a device as the device is transitioning between a first network and a second network includes the steps of:
receiving a Cross Round Trip Delay Measurement (CRTDM) packet at a first interface from a reference point, the CRTDM packet including an outgoing interface identifier; and
forwarding a modified version of the CRTDM packet to the reference point over the outgoing interface.
13 . The method of claim 12 wherein the modified version of the CRTDM packet is modified to direct the CRTDM packet at the reference point.
14 . The method of claim 12 wherein the outgoing interface is different than the first interface.
15 . The method of claim 12 wherein the outgoing interface uses a different communication protocol than the first interface.
16 . A buffer at a reference point device comprises:
a plurality of buffer entries, each buffer entry for storing a packet that is to be delivered to a mobile device that is transitioning from a first network to a second network, wherein the buffer includes a first threshold pointer pointing to a first packet that is forwarded over the first network during the transition to the second network and a second threshold pointer indicating a first packet to be forwarded over the second network during the transition;
wherein the first threshold pointer and second threshold pointer are related to a difference in delay between the reference device and the mobile network on each of the first and second networks.
17 . A client device comprising:
at least two interfaces;
means for receiving a packet at a first interface from a reference point, determining that the packet is a Cross Round Trip Delay Measurement (CRTDM) packet, identifying an outgoing interface from the CRTDM packet and forwarding the packet to the reference point using the outgoing interface.
18 . A mechanism for determining a first delay to a device over a first network and a second delay to the device over the second network includes:
means for measuring round trip delays to the device over the first and second networks;
means for measuring cross round trip delays to the device over the first and second networks; and
means for determining the first delay and the second delay using the round trip delays and the cross round trip delays, wherein the first and second delays are used to control the delivery of packets to the device over each of the first and second networks.