Process for Preparing Monomers and Polymers Thereof
A process of preparing an ethylenically unsaturated amide or an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or salt thereof from the corresponding ethylenically unsaturated nitrile wherein the nitrile is subjected to a hydration or hydrolysis reaction in an aqueous medium in the presence of a biocatalyst, wherein the nitrite contains above 2 ppm acrolein and the amide or carboxylic acid or salt thereof contains less than 2 ppm acrolein. The process can be used to prepare high purity acrylamide or acrylic acid (salt) from low quality acrylonitrile containing high levels of acrolein. Suitable biocatalysts include microorganisms of the Rhodococcus genus.
1 . A process of preparing an ethylenically unsaturated amide or an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or salt thereof from the corresponding ethylenically unsaturated nitrile in which the nitrile is subjected to a hydration or hydrolysis reaction in an aqueous medium in the presence of a biocatalyst,
wherein the nitrile contains above 2 ppm acrolein and the amide or carboxylic acid or salt thereof contains less than 2 ppm acrolein.
2 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is a microorganism that is capable of producing a nitrile hydratase.
3 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is a microorganism that is capable of producing a nitrite hydratase and an amidase.
4 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is a microorganism that is capable of producing a nitrilase.
5 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is a microorganism of the Rhodococcus genus.
6 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is a microorganism of the Rhodococcus rhodochrous species.
7 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of a microorganism which is Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 2368 (NCIMB 41164), a mutant thereof and a nitrile hydratase obtainable from Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 2368 or a mutant thereof.
8 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of a microorganism which is Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1), a mutant thereof and a nitrile hydratase obtainable from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 or a mutant thereof.
9 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is a microorganism of the Rhodococcus ruber species.
10 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of a microorganism which is Rhodococcus ruber NCIMB 40833, a mutant thereof and a nitrilase obtainable from Rhodococcus ruber strain NCIMB 40833 or a mutant thereof.
11 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of a microorganism which is Rhodococcus ruber NCIMB 40757, a mutant thereof and a nitrilase obtainable from Rhodococcus ruber strain NCIMB 40757 or a mutant thereof.
12 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of a microorganism which is Dietzia natronolimaios NCIMB 41165, a mutant thereof and a nitrile hydratase and amidase obtainable from Dietzia natronolimaios NCIMB 41165, or a mutant thereof.
13 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst comprises whole cells.
14 . A process according to claim 1 in which the biocatalyst comprises fractured cellular material.
15 . A process according to claim 1 in which the amide is (meth)acrylamide.
16 . A process according to claim 1 in which the carboxylic acid is (meth)acrylic acid (salts).
17 . A process according to claim 1 in which the nitrile contains at least 10 ppm acrolein.
18 . A process according to claim 1 in which the nitrile contains at least 20 ppm acrolein.
19 . A process according to claim 1 in which the nitrile contains up to 500 ppm acrolein.
20 - 22 . (canceled)
23 . A process for preparing a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or blend comprising the ethylenically unsaturated monomer, which monomer has been formed from an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile, comprising the steps,
(i) contacting the ethylenically unsaturated nitrile with a biocatalyst to form the ethylenically unsaturated monomer,
(ii) optionally mixing the ethylenically unsaturated monomer with other monomers to form a blend, and
(iii) subjecting the ethylenically unsaturated monomer or blend to polymerisation conditions thereby forming the polymer,
wherein the ethylenically unsaturated nitrile contains above 2 ppm acrolein and the ethylenically unsaturated monomer contains less than 2 ppm acrolein.
24 . A process according to claim 23 in which the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylamide and (meth)acrylic acid (or salts).
25 . A process according to claim 23 in which the biocatalyst is a microorganism that is capable of producing a nitrile hydratase.
26 . A process according to claim 23 in which the nitrile contains at least 10 ppm acrolein.
27 . A process according to claim 23 in which the nitrile contains at least 20 ppm acrolein.
28 . A process according to claim 23 in which the nitrile contains up to 500 ppm acrolein.