Methods of producing hydrogen using nanotubes and articles thereof
Disclosed herein is a method of generating hydrogen that comprises forming a mixture of a hydrogen containing compound and a nanotube containing material, and dissociating hydrogen by exposing the mixture to activation energy. Also disclosed are articles for generating hydrogen comprising a container for holding the hydrogen containing compound and nanotube containing material, optionally comprising at least one inlet for applying activation energy.
1 . A method of generating hydrogen, said method comprising:
forming a mixture of a hydrogen containing compound and a nanotube containing material, and
exposing said mixture to activation energy to dissociate hydrogen located in said hydrogen containing compound.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen containing source is compound chosen from water, deuterated water, tritiated water, hydrocarbons or combinations thereof.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said activation energy comprises thermal energy, electromagnetic energy, or the kinetic energy of a particle or any combination thereof.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein said electromagnetic energy comprises one or more sources chosen from x-rays, optical photons, γ-rays, microwave radiation, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, phonons, radiation in the frequencies ranging from gigahertz to terahertz, or combinations thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the activation energy comprises environmental background radiation.
6 . The method of claim 3 , wherein said particle containing kinetic energy is chosen from neutrons, protons, electrons, beta radiation, alpha radiation, mesons, pions, hadrons, leptons, baryons, and combinations thereof.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanotube comprises carbon nanotubes.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein said carbon nanotubes are single walled, multi-walled or combinations thereof.
9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein said carbon nanotube have a length ranging from 10 nm to 10 m.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanotube has an inside diameter up to 100 nm.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said mixture is mechanically agitated prior to or simultaneous while exposing the mixture to said activation energy.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen source is in a solid, liquid, gas, plasma, or supercritical phase.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the said nanotube is comprised of insulating, metallic, or semiconducting materials and combinations of such materials.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanotube containing material comprises a dispersion of nanotubes, a network of nanotubes that is mechanically bonded, or a combination thereof.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein said network of nanotubes are combined with other fibers prior to being contacted with said hydrogen containing compound.
16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein said network of nanotubes comprises at least one woven, or non-woven nanotube material.
17 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising powering a device by using the dissociated hydrogen, other byproducts of the dissociation or combinations there of.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein said device is chosen from a fuel cell, an engine, a turbine, a motor, an electrical device, a thermo-electrical device, a light or light amplification device, a heater or any combination thereof.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said method is performed at atmospheric pressure.
20 . A device for generating hydrogen through the dissociation of a hydrogen containing source in the presence of a nanotube containing material,
said device comprising at least one container for holding a mixture of said hydrogen source and said nanotube containing material.
21 . The device of claim 20 , further comprising at least one inlet for providing activation energy to said mixture.
22 . The device of claim 20 , wherein said inlet comprises at least one electrode capable of contacting at least said nanotube containing material.
23 . The device of claim 20 , wherein said container is sufficient to hold said mixture in an aquatic suspension, a magnetic field, an electric field, an electromagnetic field, or combinations thereof.
24 . The device of claim 20 , wherein said nanotube containing material comprises a dispersion of nanotubes, a network of nanotubes that is mechanically bonded, or a combination thereof.
25 . The device of claim 24 , wherein said network of nanotubes are combined with other fibers prior to being contacted with said hydrogen containing compound.
26 . The device of claim 24 , wherein said network of nanotubes comprises at least one woven, or non-woven nanotube material.
27 . The device of claim 20 , further comprising a mechanical agitator for agitating said mixture.
28 . The device of claim 20 , further comprising a vessel for capturing said dissociated hydrogen.
29 . The device of claim 28 , wherein said vessel is connected to said container by at least one tubular conduit.
30 . The device of claim 29 , wherein said tubular conduit has at least one cooling mechanism attached thereto or there-around.
31 . The device of claim 29 , wherein at least one of said tubing, vessel, or container consists essentially of a glass.
32 . The device of claim 20 , further comprising a source of activation energy adjacent to said container.
33 . The device of claim 32 , wherein said source of activation energy comprises a halogen lamp.