Integrated circuit antenna structure
An integrated circuit (IC) antenna structure includes a die, a package substrate, an antenna element, a ground plane, and a transmission line. The antenna element is on the die and/or package substrate and has a length in the range of approximately 1¼ millimeters to 2½ millimeters. The ground plane has a surface area larger than a surface area of the antenna element. The transmission line is on the die and/or the package substrate and includes a first line and a second line, wherein at least the first line is electrically coupled to the antenna element.
1. An on-chip antenna structure comprises:
an antenna element disposed on a first layer of a die, wherein the antenna element has a length in the range of approximately 1¼ millimeters to 2½ millimeters;
a ground plane, having a surface area larger than a surface area of the antenna element, disposed on a portion of a surface of a second layer of the die, which surface is directly adjacent to the first layer, wherein the ground plane is substantially parallel to the antenna element from a first axial perspective and wherein the ground plane is substantially co-located to the antenna element from a second axial perspective; and
a pair of transmission lines disposed on the first layer of the die and substantially planar with the antenna element, wherein a first line of the pair of transmission lines and a second line of the pair of transmission lines are substantially parallel to each other, and wherein at least the first line is electrically coupled to the antenna element.
2. The on-chip antenna structure of claim 1 , wherein the antenna element comprises at least one of:
a horizontal dipole antenna; and
a vertical dipole antenna.
3. The on-chip antenna structure of claim 1 , wherein the antenna element comprises at least one of:
a plurality of infinitesimal antennas to provide a discrete antenna structure; and
a plurality of small antennas to provide the discrete antenna structure.
4. The on-chip antenna structure of claim 1 , wherein the antenna element comprises:
at least one of a plurality of micro-strips to provide a continuous antenna structure.
5. The on-chip antenna structure of claim 1 , wherein the antenna element comprises:
a first substantially enclosed metal trace on a first metal layer;
a second substantially enclosed metal trace on a second metal layer; and
a via coupling the first substantially enclosed metal trace to the second substantially enclosed metal trace to provide a helical antenna structure.
6. An on-package substrate antenna structure comprises:
an antenna element disposed on a first layer of a package substrate, wherein the antenna element has a length in the range of approximately 1¼ millimeters to 2½ millimeters;
a ground plane, having a surface area larger than a surface area of the antenna element, disposed on a portion of a surface of a second layer of the package substrate, which surface is directly adjacent to the first layer, wherein the ground plane is substantially parallel to the antenna element from a first axial perspective and wherein the ground plane is substantially co-located to the antenna element from a second axial perspective; and
a pair of transmission lines disposed on the first layer of the package substrate and substantially planar with the antenna element, wherein a first line of the pair of transmission lines and a second line of the pair of transmission lines are substantially parallel to each other, and wherein at least the first line is electrically coupled to the antenna element.
7. The on-package substrate antenna structure of claim 6 , wherein the antenna element comprises at least one of:
a horizontal dipole antenna; and
a vertical dipole antenna.
8. The on-package substrate antenna structure of claim 6 , wherein the antenna element comprises at least one of:
a plurality of infinitesimal antennas to provide a discrete antenna structure; and
a plurality of small antennas to provide the discrete antenna structure.
9. The on-package substrate antenna structure of claim 6 , wherein the antenna element comprises:
at least one of a plurality of micro-strips to provide a continuous antenna structure.
10. The on-package substrate antenna structure of claim 6 , wherein the antenna element comprises:
a first substantially enclosed metal trace on a first metal layer;
a second substantially enclosed metal trace on a second metal layer; and
a via coupling the first substantially enclosed metal trace to the second substantially enclosed metal trace to provide a helical antenna structure.
11. An integrated circuit (IC) antenna structure comprises:
a die;
a package substrate that supports the die;
an antenna element disposed on the die, wherein the antenna element has a length in the range of approximately 1¼ millimeters to 2½ millimeters;
a ground plane, having a surface area larger than a surface area of the antenna element disposed on a portion of a surface of the package substrate, which surface is directly adjacent to the die, wherein the ground plane is substantially parallel to the antenna element from a first axial perspective and wherein the ground plane is substantially co-located to the antenna element from a second axial perspective; and
a pair of transmission lines disposed on the die and substantially planar with the antenna element, wherein a first line of the pair of transmission lines and a second line of the pair of transmission lines are substantially parallel to each other, and wherein at least the first line is electrically coupled to the antenna element.
12. The IC antenna structure of claim 11 , wherein the antenna element comprises at least one of:
a horizontal dipole antenna; and
a vertical dipole antenna.
13. The IC antenna structure of claim 11 , wherein the antenna element comprises at least one of:
a plurality of infinitesimal antennas to provide a discrete antenna structure; and
a plurality of small antennas to provide the discrete antenna structure.
14. The IC antenna structure of claim 11 , wherein the antenna element comprises:
at least one of a plurality of micro-strips to provide a continuous antenna structure.
15. The IC antenna structure of claim 11 , wherein the antenna element comprises:
a first substantially enclosed metal trace on a first metal layer of the die;
a second substantially enclosed metal trace on a second metal layer of the die; and
a via coupling the first substantially enclosed metal trace to the second substantially enclosed metal trace to provide a helical antenna structure.
16. The IC antenna structure of claim 15 , wherein the antenna element further comprises:
a third substantially enclosed metal trace on another metal layer of the die; and
an interconnecting via coupling the third substantially enclosed metal trace to the second substantially enclosed metal trace to provide a helical antenna structure.