Additives for low-sulfur mineral oil distillates, comprising graft copolymers based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
The invention provides graft copolymers obtainable by grafting an ester (a) of a C 8 - to C 22 -alcohol and acrylic acid onto a copolymer (b) containing, in addition to ethylene, from 3.5 to 21 mol % of vinyl acetate and from 0.5 to 16 mol % of at least one vinyl ester of the formula 1 CH 2 ═CH—OCOR 1 (1) where R 1 is C 2 - to C 30 -alkyl, with the proviso that the copolymer b) contains less than 0.5 mol % of alkenes having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
1 . A graft copolymer obtained by grafting an ester (a) of a C 8 - to C 22 -alcohol and acrylic acid onto a copolymer (b) having, in addition to ethylene, from 3.5 to 21 mol % of vinyl acetate and from 0.5 to 16 mol % of at least one vinyl ester of the formula 1
CH 2 ═CH—OCOR 1 (1)
where R 1 is C 2 - to C 30 -alkyl, with the proviso that the copolymer b) contains less than 0.5 mol % of alkenes having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
2 . A graft copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , which has a molecular weight (Mn) of from 1000 to 10 000 g/mol.
3 . A graft copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , which has a molecular weight distribution M w /M n of 1-10.
4 . A graft copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , which has been prepared from a copolymer b) which has from 7.5 to 15 mol % of vinyl acetate.
5 . A graft copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , which has been prepared from a copolymer b) which has from 1 to 16 mol % of further olefinically unsaturated monomer apart from alkenes having from 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
6 . A graft copolymer as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the olefinically unsaturated monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl ester, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, alkyl vinyl ether, and mixtures thereof.
7 . A graft copolymer of claim 1 , which has a weight ratio of graft component a) to copolymer b) of from 4:1 to 1:4.
8 . A composition comprising the graft copolymer of claim 1 and a further copolymer which, apart from ethylene, contains from 3.5 to 20 mol % of a vinyl ester of a C 2 to C 4 carboxylic acid and from 0.1 to 12 mol % of a C 6 to C 12 carboxylic acid, the total content of vinyl ester being from 6 to 21 mol %.
9 . The composition as claimed in claim 8 , in which the further copolymer, apart from ethylene, contains from 3.5 to 20 mol % of vinyl acetate and/or from 0.1 to 12 mol % of vinyl neononanoate or vinyl neodecanoate, the total comonomer content being between 6 and 21 mol %.
10 . A composition comprising the graft copolymer of claim 1 and a further copolymer which, in addition to ethylene and from 8 to 18 mol % of vinyl esters, also has from 0.5 to 15 mol % of an olefin selected from propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene, norbornene, and mixtures thereof.
11 . The composition of claim 8 , in which the further copolymer has a melt viscosity between 20 and 10 000 mpas.
12 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin of the formula
in which R 5 is C 4 -C 30 -alkyl or -alkenyl and n is from 2 to 50.
13 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one amine salt, imide or amide of a primary or a secondary fatty amine or a mixture thereof having 8 to 36 carbon atoms.
14 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one copolymer which is derived from an amide, an imide amides, or an ester of maleic acid or mixtures thereof, fumaric acid or itaconic acid or mixtures thereof.
15 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a comb polymer of the formula
in which
A is R′, COOR′, OCOR′, R″—COOR′ or OR′;
D is H, CH 3 , A or R;
E is H or A;
G is H, R″, R″—COOR′, an aryl radical or a heterocyclic radical;
M is H, COOR″, OCOR″, OR″ or COOH;
N is H, R″, COOR″, OCOR, COOH or an aryl radical;
R 1 is a hydrocarbon chain having 8-150 carbon atoms;
R″ is a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
m is between 0.4 and 1.0; and
n is between 0 and 0.6.
16 . A fuel oil composition F comprising
F1 a fuel oil of mineral origin, or
F2 a fuel oil of animal or vegetable origin or a mixture thereof or
F3 a fuel oil prepared by the Fischer-Tropsch process or any mixture of F1, F2, and F3, and
an additive comprising the composition of claim 8 .
17 . The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 16 , wherein F2 comprises one or more esters of a monocarboxylic acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and an alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
18 . The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 17 , in which the alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
19 . The fuel oil composition of claim 16 , in which the constituent F2 contains more than 5% by weight of esters of saturated fatty acids.
20 . The fuel oil composition of claim 16 , in which the constituent F2 is present to an extent of more than 2% by volume.
21 . The fuel oil composition of claim 16 , in which the constituent F3 is present to an extent of more than 2% by volume.
22 . A method for improving the cold flow properties and paraffin dispersancy of a fuel oil, said method comprising adding the graft copolymer of claim 1 to the fuel oil.