Coatings for capillaries capable of capturing analytes
In general, the present invention provides microfluidic devices comprised of polymer coatings with triggerable analyte capture moieties. In some embodiments, a microfluidic device is provided, useful in electrophoresis, and is comprised of at least one separation channel with a surface, such as but not necessarily an inner surface, and having a polymer coating introduced onto the surface. The polymer coating is comprised of moieties capable of being triggered to immobilize analytes to the surface.
1 . A microfluidic device comprising at least one surface that has been exposed to a polymer solution, said polymer being capable of being selectively triggered to bind analytes which have been separated by electrophoresis.
2 . The device in claim 1 , where the at least one surface is the inner surface of a capillary.
3 . The device of claim 1 , where the polymer forms a coating which is adsorbed or covalently attached, or is both adsorbed and covalently attached to the at least one surface.
4 . The device in claim 1 , where the binding of analytes is triggered photochemically.
5 . The device of claim 1 , where the polymer further comprises one or more molecules, and the molecule being triggered is a benzophenone.
6 . The device of claim 1 , where the polymer further comprises one or more molecules, and the molecule being triggered is an azidotetrafluorobenzene.
7 . The device in claim 1 , where the binding of analytes is triggered thermally.
8 . The device in claim 7 , where the polymer being triggered is a thermally sensitive polymer.
9 . The device in claim 1 , where the binding of analytes is triggered in the presence of a chemical reagent, enzyme, catalyst, or mixtures thereof.
10 . The device in claim 1 , where the polymer is a random copolymer
11 . The device in claim 1 , where the polymer is a graft copolymer
12 . The device in claim 1 , where the polymer is a block copolymer
13 . The device in claim 1 , where the polymer comprises acrylamide.
14 . The device in claim 1 , where the polymer comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone.
15 . The device in claim 1 , where the polymer comprises N-substituted or N, N-disubstituted acrylamide.
16 . The device in claim 1 , where the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
17 . The device in claim 1 , where the polymer comprises carbohydrate polymer.
18 . The device in claim 1 , where the analytes are biomolecules.
19 . The device in claim 1 , where the analytes are proteins.
20 . The device of claim 1 , where the surface is plastic.
21 . The device in claim 1 , where the surface is glass.
22 . The device in claim 1 , where the surface comprises functional groups that were formed thereon prior to the exposing to the polymer solution.
23 . The device in claim 22 , where the functional groups comprise polymer.
24 . The device in claim 22 , where the functional groups comprise organosiloxanes covalently bound to the surface.
25 . The device in claim 24 , where the organosilanes are comprised of alkyl or aryl silanes, or both alkyl and aryl silanes.
26 . The device in claim 22 , where the functional groups are attached to the surface through a silicon oxygen bond.
27 . The device in claim 22 , where the functional groups are attached to the surface through a silicon carbon bond.
28 . The device in claim 22 , where the functional group comprises benzyl chloride.
29 . The device in claim 22 , where the functional group comprises a vinyl group.
30 . A method of preparing a microfluidic device for use in electrophoresis comprising exposing a surface of at least one separation channel to a polymer solution where the polymer is capable of being triggered to form attachments to analytes.
31 . A method of claim 30 , where the polymer is adsorbed or covalently attached, or is both adsorbed and covalently attached to the at least one surface.
32 . The method of claim 30 , where the attachment to analytes is triggered photochemically.
33 . The method of claim 30 , where the attachment to analytes is triggered thermally.
34 . The method of claim 30 , where the attachment to analytes is triggered in the presence of a chemical reagent, enzyme, or catalyst, or mixtures thereof.
35 . The method of claim 30 , where the polymer further comprises one or more molecules, and the molecule being triggered is a benzophenone.
36 . The method of claim 30 , where the polymer further comprises one or more molecules, and the molecule being triggered is an azidotetrafluorobenzene.
37 . The method of claim 30 , where the polymer further comprises one or more molecules, and the molecule being triggered is a thermally sensitive polymer.
38 . The method in claim 30 , where the polymer is a random copolymer.
39 . The method in claim 30 , where the polymer is a graft copolymer.
40 . The method in claim 29 , where the polymer is a block copolymer.
41 . The method in claim 30 , where the polymer comprises acrylamide.
42 . The method in claim 30 , where the polymer comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone.
43 . The method in claim 30 , where the polymer comprises N-substituted or N, N-disubstituted acrylamide.
44 . The method in claim 30 , where the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
45 . The method in claim 30 , where the polymer comprises carbohydrate polymer.
46 . The method of claim 30 , where the analytes comprise biomolecules.
47 . The method of claim 46 , where the biomolecules are proteins.
48 . The method of claim 30 , where the surface is comprised of glass.
49 . The method of claim 30 , where the surface is comprised of plastic.
50 . The method of claim 30 , further comprising the step of covalently functionalizing the surface prior to exposing the surface of the at least one separation channel to the polymer solution.
51 . The method of claim 30 , comprising the step of functionalizing the surface via adsorption prior to exposing the surface of the separation channel to the polymer solution.
52 . The method of claim 50 , where the covalent functionalization comprises binding organosilanes to the surface.
53 . The method of claim 52 , where the organosilanes are comprised of alkyl and aryl silanes.
54 . The method of claim 50 , where the covalent functionalization comprises binding polymers to the surface.
55 . The method of claim 50 , where the covalent functionalization comprises binding organometalic compounds to the surface.
56 . A coating adsorbed on a surface of a device, comprising a polymeric backbone grafted with polymeric chains, said polymeric chains comprising at least one hydrophilic functional group X and at least one capture group Y.
57 . The coating of claim 56 , wherein said at least one hydrophilic functional group X comprises primary amide groups.
58 . The coating of claim 56 , wherein said at least one capture group Y comprises an alkyl or aryl halide, an azo or peroxy group, a diazirine, an azide group, an acetophenone, a benzophenone or an anthraquinone derivative, or mixtures thereof.
59 . The coating of claim 56 , wherein said at least one capture group Y forms covalent attachments to analytes upon activation.
60 . The coating of claim 56 , wherein said at least one capture group Y forms covalent attachments to analytes upon activation with light.
61 . A kit comprising: the microfluidic device of claim 1 and one or more reagents, or one or more samples, or combinations thereof.