Methods for treating obesity and obesity related diseases and disorders

1 . A method of treating obesity in a subject comprising peripherally administering therapeutically effective amounts of at least two different anti-obesity agents, wherein at least one anti-obesity agent acts upon structures in the forebrain involved in food intake or body weight modulation and at least one anti-obesity agent that acts upon structures in the hindbrain involved in food intake or body weight modulation;

wherein when one anti-obesity agent is a PYY(3-36) a PYY(3-36) analog, or a PYY(3-36) agonist, then another anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog, a CCK, a CCK analog, or a CCK agonist; and

wherein when one anti-obesity agent is an exendin, an exendin derivative or an exendin agonist, then another anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog.

2 . The method according to claim 1 wherein at least one of the anti-obesity agents is selected from the group consisting of a NPY1 receptor antagonist, an NPY5 receptor antagonist, an NPY2 receptor agonist, an NPY4 receptor agonist, a leptin, a leptin derivative, a leptin agonist, a CNTF, a CNTF agonist/modulator, a CNTF derivative, a MCH1R antagonist, a MCH2R antagonist, a melanocortin 4 agonist, a MC4 receptor agonist, a cannabinoid receptor (CB-1) antagonist/inverse agonist, a ghrelin antagonist, a 5HT2c agonist, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin transport inhibitor, an exendin, an exendin derivative, an exendin agonist, a GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, a GLP-1 agonist, a DPP-IV inhibitor, an opioid antagonist, an orexin antagonist, a metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor antagonist, a histamine 3 antagonist/inverse agonist, topiramate, a CCK, a CCK analog, a CCK agonist, an amylin, an amylin analog, and an amylin agonist.

3 . The method according to claim 2 wherein the at least one anti-obesity agent is phentermine, rimonabant, sibutramine or pramlintide.

4 . A method of treating obesity in a subject comprising peripherally administering therapeutically effective amounts of at least two anti-obesity agents,

wherein the first anti-obesity agent is selected from the group consisting of a NPY1 receptor antagonist, an NPY5 receptor antagonist, an NPY2 receptor agonist, an NPY4 receptor agonist, a leptin, a leptin derivative, a leptin agonist, a CNTF, a CNTF agonist/modulator, a CNTF derivative, a MCH1R antagonist, a MCH2R antagonist, a melanocortin 4 agonist, a MC4 receptor agonist, a cannabinoid receptor (CB-1) antagonist/inverse agonist, a ghrelin antagonist, a 5HT2c agonist, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin transport inhibitor, an exendin, an exendin derivative, an exendin agonist, a GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, a GLP-1 agonist, a DPP-IV inhibitor, an opioid antagonist, an orexin antagonist, a metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor antagonist, a histamine 3 antagonist/inverse agonist, topiramate,

wherein the second anti-obesity agent is selected from the group consisting of a CCK, a CCK analog, a CCK agonist, an amylin, an amylin analog, and an amylin agonist,

wherein when the first anti-obesity agent is not a PYY(3-36) a PYY(3-36) analog, or a PYY(3-36) agonist, and

wherein when the first anti-obesity agent is an exendin, an exendin derivative or an exendin agonist, then the second anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog.

5 . The method according to claim 1 wherein the subject reduces body weight by least 10%.

6 . The method according to claim 1 wherein the subject reduces body fat mass.

7 . A method of reducing nutrient availability in a subject in need thereof comprising peripherally administering to the subject at least two different anti-obesity agents, wherein at least one anti-obesity agent acts upon structures in the forebrain involved in food intake or body weight modulation and at least one anti-obesity agent that acts upon structures in the hindbrain involved in food intake or body weight modulation;

wherein when one anti-obesity agent is a PYY(3-36) a PYY(3-36) analog, or a PYY(3-36) agonist, then another anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog, a CCK, a CCK analog, or a CCK agonist;

wherein when one anti-obesity agent is an exendin, an exendin derivative or an exendin agonist, then another anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog, and

wherein the anti-obesity agents are administered in amounts effect to reduce nutrient availability in the subject.

8 . The method according to claim 7 wherein at least one of the anti-obesity agents is selected from the group consisting of a NPY1 receptor antagonist, an NPY5 receptor antagonist, an NPY2 receptor agonist, an NPY4 receptor agonist, a leptin, a leptin derivative, a leptin agonist, a CNTF, a CNTF agonist/modulator, a CNTF derivative, a MCH1R antagonist, a MCH2R antagonist, a melanocortin 4 agonist, a MC4 receptor agonist, a cannabinoid receptor (CB-1) antagonist/inverse agonist, a ghrelin antagonist, a 5HT2c agonist, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin transport inhibitor, an exendin, an exendin derivative, an exendin agonist, a GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, a GLP-1 agonist, a DPP-IV inhibitor, an opioid antagonist, an orexin antagonist, a metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor antagonist, a histamine 3 antagonist/inverse agonist, topiramate, a CCK, a CCK analog, a CCK agonist, an amylin, an amylin analog, and an amylin agonist.

9 . The method according to claim 8 wherein the at least one anti-obesity agent is phentermine, rimonabant, sibutramine or pramlintide.

10 . The method according to claim 8 wherein one anti-obesity agent is an amylin, an amylin analog or an amylin agonist and another anti-obesity agent is a leptin, a leptin derivative or a leptin agonist.

11 . A method of reducing nutrient availability in a subject comprising peripherally administering therapeutically effective amounts of at least two anti-obesity agents,

wherein the first anti-obesity agent is selected from the group consisting of a NPY1 receptor antagonist, an NPY5 receptor antagonist, an NPY2 receptor agonist, an NPY4 receptor agonist, a leptin, a leptin derivative, a leptin agonist, a CNTF, a CNTF agonist/modulator, a CNTF derivative, a MCH1R antagonist, a MCH2R antagonist, a melanocortin 4 agonist, a MC4 receptor agonist, a cannabinoid receptor (CB-1) antagonist/inverse agonist, a ghrelin antagonist, a 5HT2c agonist, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin transport inhibitor, an exendin, an exendin derivative, an exendin agonist, a GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, a GLP-1 agonist, a DPP-IV inhibitor, an opioid antagonist, an orexin antagonist, a metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor antagonist, a histamine 3 antagonist/inverse agonist, topiramate,

wherein the second anti-obesity agent is selected from the group consisting of a CCK, a CCK analog, a CCK agonist, an amylin, an amylin analog, and an amylin agonist,

wherein when the first anti-obesity agent is not a PYY(3-36) a PYY(3-36) analog, or a PYY(3-36) agonist, and

wherein when the first anti-obesity agent is an exendin, an exendin derivative or an exendin agonist, then the second anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog, and

wherein the anti-obesity agents are administered in amounts effect to reduce nutrient availability in the subject.

12 . The method according to claim 7 wherein reduction in nutrient availability is indicated in the subject by body weight loss, by loss of fat mass, or by loss of ectopic fat.

13 . The method according to claim 7 wherein the subject has at least one condition selected from the group consisting of obesity, an obesity-related disorder, an obesity related disease, an obesity-related condition, diabetes, insulin-resistance syndrome, lypodystrpohy, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and metabolic syndrome.

14 . A method of reducing body weight in a subject comprising peripherally administering therapeutically effective amounts of at least two different anti-obesity agents, wherein at least one anti-obesity agent acts upon structures in the forebrain involved in food intake or body weight modulation and at least one anti-obesity agent that acts upon structures in the hindbrain involved in food intake or body weight modulation;

wherein when one anti-obesity agent is a PYY(3-36) a PYY(3-36) analog, or a PYY(3-36) agonist, then another anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog, a CCK, a CCK analog, or a CCK agonist,

wherein when one anti-obesity agent is an exendin, an exendin derivative or an exendin agonist, then another anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog, and

wherein the anti-obesity agents are administered in amounts effective to reduce the body weight of the subject by at least 10%.

15 . The method according to claim 14 wherein at least one of the anti-obesity agents is selected from the group consisting of a NPY1 receptor antagonist, an NPY5 receptor antagonist, an NPY2 receptor agonist, an NPY4 receptor agonist, a leptin, a leptin derivative, a leptin agonist, a CNTF, a CNTF agonist/modulator, a CNTF derivative, a MCH1R antagonist, a MCH2R antagonist, a melanocortin 4 agonist, a MC4 receptor agonist, a cannabinoid receptor (CB-1) antagonist/inverse agonist, a ghrelin antagonist, a 5HT2c agonist, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin transport inhibitor, an exendin, an exendin derivative, an exendin agonist, a GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, a GLP-1 agonist, a DPP-IV inhibitor, an opioid antagonist, an orexin antagonist, a metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor antagonist, a histamine 3 antagonist/inverse agonist, topiramate, a CCK, a CCK analog, a CCK agonist, an amylin, an amylin analog, and an amylin agonist.

16 . The method according to claim 15 wherein the at least one anti-obesity agent is phentermine, rimonabant, sibutramine or pramlintide.

17 . The method according to claim 15 wherein one anti-obesity agent is an amylin, an amylin analog or an amylin agonist and another anti-obesity agent is a leptin, a leptin derivative or a leptin agonist.

18 . A method of reducing body weight in a subject comprising peripherally administering therapeutically effective amounts of at least two anti-obesity agents,

wherein the first anti-obesity agent is selected from the group consisting of a NPY1 receptor antagonist, an NPY5 receptor antagonist, an NPY2 receptor agonist, an NPY4 receptor agonist, a leptin, a leptin derivative, a leptin agonist, a CNTF, a CNTF agonist/modulator, a CNTF derivative, a MCH1R antagonist, a MCH2R antagonist, a melanocortin 4 agonist, a MC4 receptor agonist, a cannabinoid receptor (CB-1) antagonist/inverse agonist, a ghrelin antagonist, a 5HT2c agonist, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin transport inhibitor, an exendin, an exendin derivative, an exendin agonist, a GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, a GLP-1 agonist, a DPP-IV inhibitor, an opioid antagonist, an orexin antagonist, a metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor antagonist, a histamine 3 antagonist/inverse agonist, topiramate,

wherein the second anti-obesity agent is selected from the group consisting of a CCK, a CCK analog, a CCK agonist, an amylin, an amylin analog, and an amylin agonist,

wherein when the first anti-obesity agent is not a PYY(3-36) a PYY(3-36) analog, or a PYY(3-36) agonist,

wherein when the first anti-obesity agent is an exendin, an exendin derivative or an exendin agonist, then the second anti-obesity agent is not an amylin, an amylin agonist, an amylin analog, and

wherein the anti-obesity agents are administered in amounts effective to reduce the body weight of the subject by at least 10%.

19 . A method of reducing body weight in a subject comprising administering at least one of a leptin, a leptin derivative or a leptin agonist and at least one of an amylin, an amylin agonist or an amylin analog in amounts effective to reduce the body weight of the subject by at least 10%.

20 . The method according to claim 4 wherein the subject reduces body weight by least 10%.

21 . The method according to claim 4 wherein the subject reduces body fat mass.

22 . The method according to claim 11 wherein reduction in nutrient availability is indicated in the subject by body weight loss, by loss of fat mass, or by loss of ectopic fat.

23 . The method according to claim 11 wherein the subject has at least one condition selected from the group consisting of obesity, an obesity-related disorder, an obesity-related disease, an obesity-related condition, diabetes, insulin-resistance syndrome, lypodystrpohy, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and metabolic syndrome.