Method of Forming a Low Dielectric Loss Composite Material
Disclosed are composite materials that can exhibit low transmission energy loss and can also be temperature resistant. The composites include reinforcement fibers held in a polymeric matrix. The polymeric matrix can include an amorphous polymer component. Also disclosed are methods of forming the composites. Methods can include forming amorphous thermoplastic polymer fibers, forming a fabric from the fibers, combining the fabric with reinforcement fibers, and molding the structure thus formed under heat and pressure such that the amorphous thermoplastic polymer flows and forms a polymeric matrix incorporating the reinforcement fibers. The composites can be molded from multi-layer structures that can include layers of differing materials, for instance layers formed of polyaramids, fiberglass, or carbon fiber wovens or nonwovens. The composites can advantageously be utilized in low loss dielectric applications, such as in forming circuit board substrates, radomes, antennas, and the like.
1 . A method for forming a composite substrate comprising:
providing a first layer, the first layer including polymeric fibers, the polymeric fibers comprising a polymer that includes an amorphous thermoplastic component;
providing reinforcement fibers;
placing the first layer and the reinforcement fibers under a pressure greater than about 30 pounds per square inch;
heating the first layer and the reinforcement fibers to a temperature of at least about the glass transition temperature of the amorphous thermoplastic component such that said polymeric fibers lose their integrity and form a polymeric matrix that contains the reinforcement fibers, the polymeric matrix defining a first surface and a second surface,
wherein the reinforcement fibers are distributed within the polymeric matrix such that the average concentration gradient of the reinforcement fibers between the first surface and the second surface is about zero.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer is a weave fabric.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer is a nonwoven fabric.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer includes the reinforcement fibers.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , the method further comprising providing a second layer adjacent to the first layer.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises the reinforcement fibers.
7 . The method according to claim 1 , the method further comprising forming the polymeric fibers.
8 . The method according to claim 1 , the method further comprising forming the first layer.
9 . A method for forming a composite substrate comprising:
providing a first layer, the first layer including polymeric fibers, the polymeric fibers comprising a polymer that includes an amorphous thermoplastic component;
providing reinforcement fibers;
placing the first layer and the reinforcement fibers under a pressure greater than about 30 pounds per square inch;
heating the first layer and the reinforcement fibers to a temperature of at least about the glass transition temperature of the amorphous thermoplastic component such that said polymeric fibers lose their integrity and form a polymeric matrix that contains the reinforcement fibers, the polymeric matrix defining a first surface and a second surface,
wherein the ratio of the polymeric matrix to the reinforcement fibers is greater at the first surface than at an interior area of the composite substrate
10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the first layer is a weave fabric.
11 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the first layer is a nonwoven fabric.
12 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the first layer includes the reinforcement fibers.
13 . The method according to claim 9 , the method further comprising providing a second layer adjacent to the first layer.
14 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the second layer comprises the reinforcement fibers.
15 . The method according to claim 9 , the method further comprising forming the polymeric fibers.
16 . The method according to claim 9 , the method further comprising forming the first layer.
17 . A method for forming a composite substrate comprising:
providing a first layer, the first layer including polymeric fibers, the polymeric fibers comprising a polymer that includes an amorphous thermoplastic component;
providing interwoven reinforcement fibers;
placing the first layer and the reinforcement fibers under a pressure greater than about 30 pounds per square inch;
heating the first layer and the reinforcement fibers to a temperature of at least about the glass transition temperature of the amorphous thermoplastic component such that said polymeric fibers lose their integrity and form a polymeric matrix that contains the woven reinforcement fibers, the polymeric matrix defining a first surface and a second surface.
18 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the first layer is a weave fabric.
19 . The method according to claim 18 , wherein the first layer includes the reinforcement fibers.
20 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the first layer is a nonwoven fabric.
21 . The method according to claim 17 , the method further comprising forming the polymeric fibers.
22 . The method according to claim 17 , the method further comprising forming the first layer.