Method of forming a catalyzed selective catalytic reduction filter
View Patent ↗Provided is an emission treatment system and method for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The emission treatment system has an oxidation catalyst upstream of a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia. Also provided is a method for disposing an SCR catalyst composition on a wall flow monolith that provides adequate catalyst loading, but does not result in unsuitable back pressures in the exhaust.
1. A method for treating emissions produced in an exhaust stream from a diesel engine comprising NOx and particulate matter, the method comprising:
(a) passing the exhaust stream through an oxidation catalyst wherein a substantial portion of NO is oxidized to NO 2 to provide an NO 2 -enriched exhaust stream;
(b) metering at periodic intervals, ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the NO 2 -enriched exhaust stream; and,
(c) subsequently passing the exhaust stream containing ammonia through a wall flow monolith wherein particulate matter is filtered and a substantial portion of NOx is reduced to N 2 ;
wherein the wall flow monolith has a plurality of longitudinally extending passages formed by longitudinally extending walls bounding and defining said passages, wherein the passages comprise inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end, the wall flow monolith having a porosity of from 50% to 60% and an average pore size of from 10 to 25 microns
wherein the wall flow monolith comprises a washcoat of SCR catalyst composition that permeates the walls, the SCR catalyst composition comprising a zeolite and base metal component selected from one or more of a copper and iron component, the washcoat permeating the walls at a loading up to 2.4 g/in 3 , the wall flow monolith having integrated, NOx and particulate removal efficiency in which presence of the catalytic material in the wall flow monolith catalyzes the oxidation of soot.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein there is from 1.6 to 2.4 g/in 3 of SCR catalyst composition disposed on the wall flow monolith.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation catalyst is disposed on a honeycomb flow through monolith substrate or an open cell foam substrate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exhaust gas exiting the wall flow monolith is passed through a subsequent SCR catalyst disposed on a honeycomb flow through monolith substrate or an open cell foam substrate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein greater than about 80% of the particulate matter is removed by the wall flow monolith.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wall flow monolith is comprised of one or more of cordierite, a-alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, mullite, spodumene, alumina-silica-magnesia, zirconium silicate, a porous refractory metal or ceramic fiber composite materials.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia precursor is one or more of urea, cyanuric acid, ammelide, ammeline, ammonium cyanate, biuret, ammonium carbamate, melamine, tricyanourea, guanidine, methyl amine carbonate, hexamethylamine and salts thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantial portion of NO oxidized to NO 2 is at least about 20%.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substantial portion of NO oxidized to NO 2 is between about 30% and about 60%.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising passing the exhaust stream through a slip oxidation catalyst located downstream of the wall flow monolith, the slip oxidation catalyst oxidizing residual reductant.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the longitudinally extending walls have an inlet side and an opposing outlet side and SCR catalyst is coated on both the inlet and outlet sides of the walls.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SCR catalyst composition has a thermal resistance to degradation at temperatures greater than 650° C.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base metal component is a copper component.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the zeolite of the SCR catalyst composition has a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 10.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the zeolite of the SCR catalyst composition is a beta zeolite.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises a platinum group metal component.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the oxidation catalyst further comprises a zeolite component.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SCR catalyst composition contains one or both of an iron and a copper promoter present in an amount of from about 1 to 5 percent by weight of the total weight of promoter plus zeolite.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the zeolite of the SCR catalyst composition is a beta zeolite.
20. A method for treating emissions produced in an exhaust stream from a diesel engine comprising NOx and particulate matter, the method comprising:
(a) passing the exhaust stream through an oxidation catalyst wherein a substantial portion of NO is oxidized to NO 2 to provide an NO 2 -enriched exhaust stream;
(b) metering at periodic intervals, ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the NO 2 -enriched exhaust stream; and,
(c) subsequently passing the exhaust stream containing ammonia through a wall flow monolith wherein particulate matter is filtered and a substantial portion of NOx is reduced to N 2 ;
wherein the wall flow monolith has a plurality of longitudinally extending passages formed by longitudinally extending walls bounding and defining said passages, wherein the passages comprise inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end,
wherein the wall flow monolith contains a washcoat of SCR catalyst composition comprising a zeolite and a base metal component selected from one or more of a copper an iron component at a loading that achieves suitable NOx conversion efficiency but does not cause an unacceptable increase in backpressure when used in a diesel exhaust system, wherein the loading the SCR catalyst composition is at least 1.3 g/in 3 and the wall flow monolith has a wall porosity of from 50% to 60% with an average pore size of 10 to 25 microns the wall flow monolith having integrated, NOx and particulate removal efficiency, in which presence of the catalytic material in the wall flow monolith catalyzes the oxidation of soot.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the base metal component is a copper component.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the zeolite of the SCR catalyst composition has a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 10.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the zeolite of the SCR catalyst composition is selected from beta zeolite, USY and ZSM-20.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the zeolite of the SCR catalyst composition is a beta zeolite.