Tumor-targeted optical contrast agents
View Patent ↗Cyanine dye bioconjugates useful for diagnostic imaging and therapy are disclosed. The conjugates include several cyanine dyes with a variety of bis- and tetrakis (carboxylic acid) homologs. The compounds may be conjugated to bioactive peptides, carbohydrates, hormones, drugs, or other bioactive agents. The small size of the compounds allows more favorable delivery to tumor cells as compared to larger molecular weight imaging agents. The various dyes are useful over the range of 350 to 1300 nm, the exact range being dependent upon the particular dye. The use of dimethylsulfoxide helps to maintain the fluorescence of the compounds. The inventive compounds are useful for diagnostic imaging and therapy, in endoscopic applications for the detection of tumors and other abnormalities, for localized therapy, for photoacoustic tumor imaging, detection and therapy, and for sonofluoresence tumor imaging, detection and therapy.
1. A compound of formula
wherein
W 4 and X 4 are —NR 3 ;
Y 4 is selected from the group consisting of —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) b —CONH-Bm, (CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) c —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —CONH-Bm, CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NR 3 R 4 , and —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 NR 3 R 4 ;
Z 4 is selected from the group consisting of —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) b —CONH-Dm, (CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) c —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —NR 3 R 4 , and —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 NR 3 R 4 ;
A 2 is a single or a double bond;
B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —Se—, —P—, —CR 1 R 2 , —CR 1 , alkyl, NR 3 , and —C═O; A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 together form a 6- to 12-membered carbocyclic ring or a 6- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or more oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom;
a 4 and b 4 are independently from 0 to 5;
R 1 to R 4 and R 45 to R 57 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 5 -C 20 aryl, C 1 -C 10 alkoxyl, C 1 -C 10 polyalkoxyalkyl, C 1 -C 20 polyhydroxyalkyl, C 5 -C 20 polyhydroxyaryl, C 1 -C 10 aminoalkyl, cyano, nitro, halogen, saccharide, peptide, —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —OH, —(CH 2 ) a —CO 2 H, —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —OH and —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CO 2 H; Bm and Dm are independently selected from the group consisting of a bioactive peptide, a protein, a cell, an antibody, an antibody fragment, a saccharide, a glycopeptide, a peptidomimetic, a drug, a drug mimic, a hormone, a metal chelating agent, a radioactive or nonradioactive metal complex, and an echogenic agent;
a and c are independently from 1 to 20; and
b and d are independently from 1 to 100.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein each W 4 and X 4 is —NR 3 ; Y 4 is —(CH 2 ) 2 —CONH-Bm; Z 4 is —(CH 2 ) 2 —CONH-Dm; A 2 is a single bond; A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 together form a 6-membered carbocyclic ring; each a 4 and b 4 is 1; R 45 is galactose; each R 46 to R 57 is hydrogen; Bm is Octreotate; and Dm is bombesin (7-14).
3. A composition comprising a compound of formula
wherein
W 4 and X 4 are —NR 3 ;
Y 4 is selected from the group consisting of —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) b —CONH-Bm, (CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) c —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —CONH-Bm, CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NR 3 R 4 , and —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 NR 3 R 4 ;
Z 4 is selected from the group consisting of —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) b —CONH-Dm, (CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) c —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —NR 3 R 4 , and —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 NR 3 R 4 ;
A 2 is a single or a double bond; B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —Se—, —P—, —CR 1 R 2 , —CR 1 , alkyl, NR 3 , and —C═O; A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 together form a 6- to 12-membered carbocyclic ring or a 6- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or more oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom;
a 4 and b 4 are independently from 0 to 5;
R 1 to R 4 and R 45 to R 57 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 5 -C 20 aryl, C 1 -C 10 alkoxyl, C 1 -C 10 polyalkoxyalkyl, C 1 -C 20 polyhydroxyalkyl, C 5 -C 20 polyhydroxyaryl, C 1 -C 10 aminoalkyl, cyano, nitro, halogen, saccharide, peptide, —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —OH, —(CH 2 ) a —CO 2 H, —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —OH and —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CO 2 H;
Bm and Dm are independently selected from the group consisting of a bioactive peptide, a protein, a cell, an antibody, an antibody fragment, a saccharide, a glycopeptide, a peptidomimetic, a drug, a drug mimic, a hormone, a metal chelating agent, a radioactive or nonradioactive metal complex, and an echogenic agent;
a and c are independently from 1 to 20; and
b and d are independently from 1 to 100, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein each of W 4 and X 4 is —NR 3 ; Y 4 is —(CH 2 ) 2 —CONH-Bm; Z 4 is —(CH 2 ) 2 —CONH-Dm; A 2 is a single bond; A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 together form a 6-membered carbocyclic ring; a 4 and b 4 are independently galactose; each of R 46 to R 57 is hydrogen; Bm is Octreotate; and Dm is bombesin (7-14).
5. The composition of claim 3 wherein Bm, Dm, and combinations thereof further comprise a porphyrin or a photodynamic therapy agent.
6. The composition of claim 3 further comprising a non-optical contrast agent.
7. A method for perfoming a diagnostic procedure to detect or image a tumor or performing a therapeutic procedure on a tumor or monitoring organ function, the method comprising.
administering to an individual an effective amount of the compound of formula
wherein
W 4 and X 4 are —NR 3;
Y 4 is selected from the group consisting of —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) b —CONH-Bm, (CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) c —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NR 3 R 4 , and —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 NR 3 R 4;
Z 4 is selected from the group consisting of —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) b —CONH-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) c —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —CONH-Dm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —N(R 3 )—CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) d —NHCO-Dm, —(CH 2 ) a —NR 3 R 4 , and —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 NR 3 R 4;
A 2 is a single or a double bond;
B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —Se—, —P—, —CR 1 R 2 , —CR 1 , alkyl, NR 3 , and —C═O; A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 together form a 6- to 12-membered carbocyclic ring or a 6- to 12-membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one or more oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom;
a 4 and b 4 are independently from 0 to 5;
R 1 to R 4 , and R 45 to R 57 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 5 -C 20 aryl, C 1 -C 10 alkoxyl, C 1 -C 10 polyalkoxyalkyl, C 1 -C 20 polyhydroxyalkyl, C 5 -C 20 polyhydroxyaryl, C 1 -C 10 aminoalkyl, cyano, nitro, halogen, saccharide, peptide, —CH 2 (CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —OH, —(CH 2 ) a —CO 2 H, —(CH 2 ) a —CONH-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —CONH-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —NHCO-Bm, —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CH 2 —NHCO-Bm, —(CH 2 ) a —OH and —CH 2 —(CH 2 OCH 2 ) b —CO 2 H;
Bm and Dm are independently selected from the group consisting of a bioactive peptide, a protein, a cell, an antibody, an antibody fragment, a saccharide, a glycopeptide, a peptidomimetic, a drug, a drug mimic, a hormone, a metal chelating agent, a radioactive or nonradioactive metal complex, and an echogenic agent;
a and c are independently from 1 to 20; and
b and d are independently from 1 to 100, and performing the diagnostic or therapeutic procedure.
8. The method of claim 7 comprising administering to an individual an effective amount of the compound wherein each of W 4 and X 4 is —NR 3 ; Y 4 is —(CH 2 ) 2 —CONH-Bm; Z 4 is —(CH 2 ) 2 —CONH-Dm; A 2 is a single bond; A 2 , B 2 , C 2 , and D 2 together form a 6-membered carbocyclic ring; each a 4 and b 4 is 1; R 45 is galactose; each R 46 to R 57 is hydrogen; Bm is Octreotate; and Dm is bombesin (7-14).
9. The method of claim 7 wherein said procedure utilizes light of wavelength in the region of 350-1300 nm.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein said procedure further comprises imaging and therapy, wherein said imaging and therapy is selected from the group consisting of absorption, light scattering, photoacoustic and sonofluoresence technique.
11. The method of claim 7 further comprising attaching a compound selected from the group consisting of a porphyrin and a photodynamic therapy agent to Bm, Dm, and combinations thereof, and providing light of a wavelength sufficient to activate the porphyrin or phototherapy agent.
12. The method of claim 7 further comprising administering a non-optical contrast agent and imaging by at least one of magnetic resonance, ultrasound, X-ray, positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography.
13. The method of claim 7 wherein the compound is administered in a formulation selected from at least one of liposomes, micelles, microcapsules, or microparticles.