Method For Simultaneous Bi-Atrial Mapping Of Atrial Fibrillation
A method for diagnosing and mapping atrial fibrillation correlates recordings of electrical activity from intracardiac multielectrode catheters with the locations of electrodes within the heart to obtain a global mapping of cardiac electrical activity. Time delay and/or amplitude information in the recorded electrical activities is fused with electrode location information to generate a display on a 3-D anatomical template of the heart. Time delay and/or amplitude information is displayed using color code and/or lines of equal value, to aid diagnosis and localization of electrical activity irregularities. Mapping of atrial fibrillation enables physicians to treat arrhythmia by ablation, pacing, shock therapy and/or drugs at initiation or during an episode based on therapy delivery at critical mapped locations for arrhythmia onset or maintenance. Locations for placement of pacing leads and pacemaker timing parameters may also be obtained from the display.
1 . A method for assaying a heart, comprising:
positioning at least one electrode catheter including a plurality of electrodes near or within the heart so that the plurality of electrodes are positioned to measure electrical activity at more than one location on the heart;
determining a location with respect to the heart of each of the plurality of electrodes;
mapping the location of each of the plurality of electrodes to an anatomical template of the heart;
measuring electrical activity at each of the plurality of electrodes simultaneously;
correlating measured electrical activity at each of the plurality of electrodes to the location of each electrode; and
generating a display of the measured electrical activity with respect to the anatomical template of the heart.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode catheter is positioned so that at least a subset of the plurality of electrodes are positioned across the right atrium and the left atrium to measure electrical activity in both atria simultaneously.
3 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein a time-delay of electrical activity at a particular location in the heart is presented in the display using color to show the time-delay on the anatomical template of the heart.
4 . The method according to claim 3 , wherein the display further includes isochrones to show the time-delay of electrical activity at particular locations on the anatomical template of the heart.
5 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the anatomical template of the heart is a three-dimensional model of the heart.
6 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein measuring electrical activity is performed from the beginning of fibrillation until termination of fibrillation.
7 . The method according to claim 2 , further including analyzing measured electrical activity using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and generating a display of measured electrical activity in the frequency domain.
8 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the display of measured electrical activity in the frequency domain is mapped to the anatomical template of the heart.
9 . The method according to claim 2 , further comprising identifying a critical location on the heart for onset or maintenance of arrhythmia.
10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the locations are related to onset or maintenance of arrhythmia.
11 . The method according to claim 10 , further comprising delivering a therapy at the identified critical location on the heart.
12 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein the therapy is selected from the group consisting of ablation, pacing, shock therapy and local application of drugs.
13 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the method is performed at initiation or during an episode of arrhythmia.
14 . A method for treating arrhythmia, comprising:
positioning at least one electrode catheter including a plurality of electrodes near or within the heart so that the plurality of electrodes are positioned to measure electrical activity at more than one location on the heart;
determining a location with respect to the heart of each of the plurality of electrodes;
mapping the location of each of the plurality of electrodes to an anatomical template of the heart;
measuring electrical activity at each of the plurality of electrodes simultaneously;
correlating measured electrical activity at each of the plurality of electrodes to the location of each electrode;
generating a display of the measured electrical activity with respect to the anatomical template of the heart;
identifying on the display critical locations for onset or maintenance of arrhythmia; and
applying at the identified critical locations a therapy selected from the group consisting of ablation, pacing, shock therapy and local application of drugs.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one electrode catheter is positioned so that at least a subset of the plurality of electrodes are positioned across the right atrium and the left atrium to measure electrical activity in both atria simultaneously.
16 . The method for treating arrhythmia according to claim 15 , wherein the method is performed at initiation or during an episode of arrhythmia.
17 . A method of placing a pacemaker within a patient, comprising:
positioning at least one electrode catheter including a plurality of electrodes near or within the heart so that the plurality of electrodes are positioned to measure electrical activity at more than one location on the heart;
determining a location with respect to the heart of each of the plurality of electrodes;
mapping the location of each of the plurality of electrodes to an anatomical template of the heart;
measuring electrical activity at each of the plurality of electrodes simultaneously;
correlating measured electrical activity at each of the plurality of electrodes to the location of each electrode;
generating a display of the measured electrical activity with respect to the anatomical template of the heart;
identifying on the display a location on the heart that may benefit from pacing stimulation; and
attaching a pacing lead to the location on the heart.
18 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the at least one electrode catheter is positioned so that at least a subset of the plurality of electrodes are positioned across the right atrium and the left atrium to measure electrical activity in both atria simultaneously.
19 . The method for placing a pacemaker within a patient according to claim 18 , further comprising:
determining from the display a suitable pacemaker operational parameter for the location that may benefit from pacing; and
programming the pacemaker with the operational parameter.
20 . The method for placing a pacemaker within a patient according to claim 18 , further comprising:
remeasuring electrical activity at each of the plurality of electrodes simultaneously;
correlating the remeasured electrical activity at each of the plurality of electrodes to the location of each electrode;
generating a display of the remeasured electrical activity with respect to the anatomical template of the heart; and
determine if pacing stimulation from the pacemaker benefits heart function.