Method and system for printing electrostatically or electrographically generated images to contoured surfaces of ceramic and glass items such as dishware
View Patent ↗A glass or ceramic dishware item having a contoured surface with an image disposed thereon is provided. The image is transferred to the contoured surface from a layered ink composite. The layered ink composite is created by depositing a first layer of thermoplastic ink onto a silicone substrate. A ceramic toner configured as an image is electrographically deposited onto the first layer of thermoplastic ink. A second layer of thermoplastic ink is then deposited onto the ceramic toner. The image is transferred, at ambient temperature, from the layered ink composite to the contoured surface of the dishware item by moving the second layer of thermoplastic ink and the contoured surface into contact. The dishware item is then fired.
1. A layered ink composite for use in applying digital printing to a contoured ceramic or glass substrate, the layered ink composite comprising:
a first thermoplastic ink layer, the first thermoplastic ink layer being prepared from a formulation comprising a vitreous inorganic flux, one of either an amorphous polymer and a copolymer with an amorphous region, a plasticizer compatible with one of either the amorphous polymer and the copolymer with an amorphous region, and an amorphous tackifying resin;
an image layer comprised of ceramic toner; and,
a second thermoplastic ink layer, the second thermoplastic ink layer being prepared from a formulation comprising, one of either an amorphous polymer and a copolymer with an amorphous region, a plasticizer compatible with one of either the amorphous polymer and the copolymer with an amorphous region, and an amorphous tackifying resin.
2. The layered ink composite of claim 1 , wherein the second ink layer further comprises a vitreous organic flux.
3. The layered ink composite of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous polymer of at least one of the first and second layers has an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 200,000, the polymer being selected from the group of polyalkyl acrylate, polyalkyl methacrylate, polyalkyl acrylate or polyalkyl methacrylate or styrene copolymers with acrylic or methacrylic acid, cellulosic ethers, amorphous polyolefins, polyethers, and polyesters.
4. The layered ink composite of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer of at least one of the first and second layers are generally non-volatile at a temperature below 150° C., and has a molecular weight of 200 to 5000, the plasticizer being selected from the group of alkylene glycol or glycerol esters of monocarboxylic acids, alkyl alcohol esters of mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids and polyols, polyalkylene glycols, glyceryl triepoxy acetoxy stearate, polybutene, mineral oil, and epoxidized vegetable oils.
5. The layered ink composite of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous tackifying resin of at least one of the first and second layers has an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 and a ring and ball softening point between 35° and 115° C., the amorphous tackifying resin being selected from the group of hydrocarbon resins, terpenes, phenolics, rosin, and rosin derivatives.
6. A method of printing an electrographically generated image to a contoured surface of a ceramic or glass workpiece, the method comprising:
preparing a layered ink composite according to the steps of:
depositing a first layer of thermoplastic ink onto a silicone substrate, the first layer of thermoplastic ink being prepared from a formulation comprising a vitreous inorganic flux, one of either an amorphous polymer and a copolymer with an amorphous region, a plasticizer compatible with one of either the amorphous polymer and the copolymer with an amorphous region, and an amorphous tackifying resin;
depositing ceramic toner onto the first layer of thermoplastic ink, the deposited ceramic toner configured as an electrographically generated image; and,
depositing a second layer of thermoplastic ink onto the ceramic toner, the second layer of thermoplastic ink being prepared from a formulation comprising, one of either an amorphous polymer and a copolymer with an amorphous region, a plasticizer compatible with one of either the amorphous polymer and the copolymer with an amorphous region, and an amorphous tackifying resin; and,
transferring at or near ambient temperature the image from the layered ink composite to a contoured surface of a workpiece by moving one of either the second layer of thermoplastic ink and the contoured surface of the workpiece into contact with the other of the second layer of thermoplastic ink and the contoured surface of the workpiece.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of firing the workpiece at a temperature to oxidize and volatize the organic constituents of the thermoplastic ink.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of heating the thermoplastic ink to a temperature of between 90 to 170° C. prior to the step of depositing the first layer of thermoplastic ink onto the silicone substrate.
9. The method of claim 6 , further comprising the step of heating the thermoplastic ink to a temperature of between 90 to 170° C. prior to the step of depositing the second layer of thermoplastic ink onto the ceramic toner.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second layer of thermoplastic ink further comprises a vitreous organic flux.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the amorphous polymer of at least one of the first and second layers of thermoplastic ink has an average molecular weight of 4,000 to 200,000, and wherein the polymer is selected from the group of polyalkyl acrylate, polyalkyl methacrylate, polyalkyl acrylate or polyalkyl methacrylate or styrene copolymers with acrylic or methacrylic acid, cellulosic ethers, amorphous polyolefins, polyethers, and polyesters.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the plasticizer of at least one of the first and second layers of thermoplastic ink is generally non-volatile at a temperature below 150° C., and has a molecular weight of 200 to 5000, the plasticizer being selected from the group of alkylene glycol or glycerol esters of monocarboxylic acids, alkyl alcohol esters of mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids, polyesters of dicarboxylic acids and polyols, polyalkylene glycols, glyceryl triepoxy acetoxy stearate, polybutene, mineral oil, and epoxidized vegetable oils.
13. The method of claim 6 , wherein the amorphous tackifying resin of at least one of the first and second layers of thermoplastic ink has an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 and a ring and ball softening point between 35° and 115° C., the amorphous tackifying resin being selected from the group of hydrocarbon resins, terpenes, phenolics, rosin, and rosin derivative.
14. A glass or ceramic dishware item having a contoured surface with an image disposed thereon, the image having been transferred from a layered ink composite created by:
depositing a first layer of thermoplastic ink onto a silicone substrate;
depositing ceramic toner onto the first layer of thermoplastic ink, the deposited ceramic toner configured as an electrographically generated image;
depositing a second layer of thermoplastic ink onto the ceramic toner;
transferring at or near ambient temperature the image from the layered ink composite to the contoured surface of the dishware item by moving one of either the second layer of thermoplastic ink and the contoured surface of the dishware item into contact with the other of the second layer of thermoplastic ink and the contoured surface of the dishware item; and,
firing the dishware item at a temperature of 300° to 750° C.
15. The dishware item of claim 14 , wherein the first layer of thermoplastic ink exhibits high permanent pressure sensitivity at room temperature and a low affinity to silicone surfaces and is prepared from a formulation consisting essentially of a vitreous inorganic flux, one of either an amorphous polymer and a copolymer with an amorphous region, a plasticizer compatible with one of either the amorphous polymer and the copolymer with an amorphous region, and an amorphous tackifying resin.
16. The dishware item of claim 14 , wherein the second layer of thermoplastic ink exhibits high permanent pressure sensitivity at room temperature and a low affinity to silicone surfaces and is prepared from a formulation comprising one of either an amorphous polymer and a copolymer with an amorphous region, a plasticizer compatible with one of either the amorphous polymer and the copolymer with an amorphous region, and an amorphous tackifying resin.