Wear resistant hard coating for a workpiece and method for producing the same
View Patent ↗The present invention provides an optimized hard coating and a workpiece, especially a cutting tool coated with a hard coating to increase tooling performance with difficult to machine materials such as high speed steels, titanium alloys, nickel alloys, austenitic steels and especially hard materials like hardened tool steel having a hardness of higher 50, preferably of higher 55 HRC. This is achieved by a workpiece coated with a wear resistant multilayered comprising at least a first supporting layer and a second nanocrystalline layer, whereas the first layer comprises a coating material of the following composition (Ti a Al 1-a )N 1-x-y C x O y with 0.4<a<0.6, and 0≦x and y<0.3, or (Al b Cr 1-b )N 1-x-y C x O y with 0.5<b<0.7, and 0≦x and y<0.3. The second layer comprises a coating material of the following composition (Al 1-c-d-e Cr c Si d M e )N 1-x-y C x O y whereas M stands for at least one element of the transition metals of group 4, 5, 6 of the periodic system except Chromium and 0.2<c≦0.35, 0<d≦0.20, 0<e≦0.04.
1. A workpiece having a surface whereas at least parts of said surface are coated with a wear resistant multilayered hard coating deposited by a PVD process, whereas the hard coating comprises at least a first supporting layer and a second layer, which exhibits a nanocrystalline growth structure in the SEM cross-section, whereas the first layer is interposed between the workpiece and the second layer, whereas the first layer comprises a coating material of the following composition
(Ti a Al 1-a )N 1-x-y C x O y
whereas 0.4<a<0.6, and 0≦x and y<0.3,
or
(Al b Cr 1-b )N 1-x-y C x O y
whereas 0.5<b<0.7, and 0≦x and y<0.3;
the second layer comprises a coating material of the following composition
(Al 1-c-d-e Cr c Si d M e )N 1-x-y C x O y
whereas M stands for at least one element of the transition metals of group 4, 5, 6 of the periodic system except Chromium and
0.2<c≦0.35,0<d≦0.20,0<e≦0.04.
2. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas the first layer comprises a coating material of the following composition
(Ti a Al 1-a )N 1-x-y C x O y
whereas 0.4<a<0.6, and 0≦x and y<0.3,
or
(Al b Cr 1-b )N 1-x-y C x O y
whereas 0.5<b<0.7, and 0≦x and y<0.3;
the second layer comprises a coating material of the following composition
(Al 1-c-d-e Cr c Si d M′ e′ )N 1-x-y C x O y
whereas M′ stands for W, Mo, Ta or Cb (Nb) and
0.2<c≦0.35,0.06≦d′≦0.15,0<e≦0.04.
3. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas a quotient Q Al/Cr =(1-c-d-e)/c is within the following range: 1.7≦Q Al/Cr ≦2.4.
4. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas a coating thickness D is within the following range: 1 μm≦D≦10 μm.
5. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas a coating thickness D is within the following range: 2 μm≦D≦6 μm.
6. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas a thickness D 1 of the first supporting layer is smaller than a thickness D 2 of the second coating.
7. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas a hardness HV 1 of the first supporting layer is smaller than a hardness HV 2 of the second coating.
8. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas the second layer exhibits a nanocrystalline growth structure in the SEM cross-section.
9. A work piece according to claim 1 , whereas the first layer exhibits a columnar growth structure in the SEM cross-section.
10. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas the texture coefficient O I =1(200)/I(111) of the nanocrystalline second layer is in the range of 0.7≦Q I ≦2.
11. A workpiece according to claim 1 , whereas the first layer comprises a multiylayer of alternating (Ti a Al 1-a )N 1-x-y C x O y and (Al 1-c-d-e Cr c Si d M e )N 1-x-y C x O y layers or of alternating (Al b Cr 1-b )N 1-x-y C x O y and (Al 1-c-d-e Cr c Si d M e )N 1-x-y C x O y layers.
12. A workpiece according to one of the claim 1 , having a body made from high-speed steel, cemented carbide, cubic boron nitride, cermet or a ceramic material.
13. A workpiece according to claim 1 , wherein the workpiece is a cutting tool.
14. A workpiece according to claim 1 , wherein the workpiece is a cutting tool selected from the group consisting of: an end mill, a drill, a cutting insert, and a gear cutting tool.
15. A PVD process to provide a workpiece according to claim 1 , comprising the step of heating the workpiece to a temperature higher than 550° C., especially to a temperature of about 600° C. and holding the temperature during the deposition process.
16. A PVD process according to claim 15 , comprising the step of applying a first substrate voltage U 1 during deposition of the first coating and applying a second higher substrate voltage U 2 during deposition of the second coating.
17. A PVD process according to claim 16 , whereas 0 V≦U 1 ≦−100 V and −80 V≦U 2 ≦−200 V, whereas ôU 2 −U 1 ô≧20.
18. Cutting process to cut a hard material having a Rockwell hardness of HRC 50 or higher using the cutting tool from claim 9 .
19. Cutting process according to claim 18 , where the hard material is hardened steel.