Method for molding of polymer composites comprising three-dimensional carbon reinforcement using a durable tool
A method is disclosed for high volume production of molded dimensionally accurate polymer composite articles comprising three-dimensional carbon fiber reinforcement in high volume. Carbon fiber cloth infiltrated with a liquid thermosetting polymer precursor is shaped by application of pressure to urge the cloth against the surface of a mold and then heated while under pressure to cure the polymer precursor into a solid polymeric matrix for the carbon fiber article. Mold tooling is formed of suitable iron-nickel alloys and provided with a hard electroless nickel coating on the mold cavity surface. The iron and nickel alloy provides thermal expansion properties generally matched to those of the articles for the molding of dimensionally accurate parts. The nickel alloy coating provides a durable surface to resist abrasion by the carbon fiber cloth without adversely affecting the expansion properties of the mold, and remains adherent to the base metal during the repeated thermal cycling encountered in high volume production.
1. A method of making a plurality of dimensionally accurate carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles, the method comprising:
compressing a composite body comprising a three-dimensional carbon fiber reinforcing form that is infiltrated with a liquid thermosetting polymer precursor against a surface of a mold, the mold comprising a unitary body of iron-nickel alloy, the mold body having been fabricated from a slab of iron-nickel alloy and with a machined oversized cavity surface for receiving, shaping and thermal curing of the fiber reinforcing form and uncured polymer composite material, the cavity surface of the mold body having a coating layer of electroless nickel composition comprising up to 10 percent phosphorus by weight applied to the machined oversize cavity surface in a thickness of between about 60 micrometers and 90 micrometers for a predetermined size of the cavity surface and for contact by the composite material; and
heating the composite body while it is compressed against the cavity surface to cure the polymer precursor into a solid polymeric matrix for the carbon fiber article, the mold body and coating experiencing repeated heating and cooling cycles during the making of the plurality of dimensionally accurate articles without delamination.
2. A method of making a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles as recited in claim 1 in which the iron-nickel alloy consists essentially, by weight of about 36% nickel and the balance iron.
3. A method of making a plurality of dimensionally accurate carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles, the method comprising:
compressing a composite body comprising at least one layer of a carbon fiber cloth, the cloth having a carbon fiber orientation, as a reinforcing form that is infiltrated with a liquid thermosetting polymer precursor against a surface of a mold, the mold comprising a unitary body of iron-nickel alloy, the mold body having been fabricated from a slab of iron-nickel alloy and with a machined oversized cavity surface for receiving, shaping and thermal curing of fiber and uncured polymer composite material, the cavity surface of the mold body having a coating layer of electroless nickel composition comprising up to 10 percent phosphorus by weight applied in a thickness of between about 60 micrometers and 90 micrometers for a predetermined size of the cavity surface and for contact by the composite material; and
heating the composite body while it is compressed against the cavity surface to cure the polymer precursor into a solid polymeric matrix for the carbon fiber article, the mold body and coating experiencing repeated heating and cooling cycles during the making of the plurality of dimensionally accurate articles without delamination.
4. A method of making a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles as recited in claim 3 in which the iron-nickel alloy consists essentially, by weight of about 36% nickel and the balance iron.
5. A method of making a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles as recited in claim 3 in which the carbon fiber cloth is woven.
6. A method of making a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles as recited in claim 3 in which successive carbon fiber cloth layers are laid up with their carbon fibers oriented in different directions.
7. A method of making a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles as recited in claim 3 in which the molded articles exhibit substantially isotropic properties.
8. A method of making a plurality of dimensionally accurate carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles, the method comprising:
compressing a composite body comprising a three-dimensional carbon fiber reinforcing form that is infiltrated with a liquid thermosetting polymer precursor against a surface of a mold, the mold comprising a unitary iron-nickel alloy body consisting essentially by weight of about 36 percent nickel and the balance iron, the mold body having been fabricated from a slab of iron-nickel alloy and with a machined, polished and, optionally, textured, oversized cavity surface for receiving, shaping and thermal curing of the fiber reinforcing form and uncured polymer composite material, the cavity surface of the mold body having a coating layer of electroless nickel composition comprising up to 10 percent phosphorus by weight applied to the oversize cavity surface in a thickness of between about 60 micrometers and 90 micrometers for a predetermined size of the cavity surface and for contact by the composite material; and
heating the composite body while it is compressed against the cavity surface to cure the polymer precursor into a solid polymeric matrix for the carbon fiber article, the mold body and coating experiencing repeated heating and cooling cycles during the making of the plurality of dimensionally accurate articles without delamination.
9. The method of making a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles as recited in claim 8 in which the surface is polished to 400 grit.
10. The method of making a plurality of carbon fiber reinforced, thermosetting polymer matrix articles as recited in claim 8 in which the surface is polished to 600 grit and textured by blasting with a mixture of aluminum oxide and glass beads.