FIBER REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC SHEETS WITH SURFACE COVERINGS AND METHODS OF MAKING
A composite sheet material comprises a porous core layer adjacent to a skin layer. The porous core layer comprises a thermoplastic material and 20 to 80 weight percent (wt %) fibers based on a total weight of the porous core layer. The thermoplastic material comprises poly(arylene ether) and an additive comprising a flame retardant, a smoke emission retardant, a flame and smoke emission retardant or a combination of two or more of the foregoing retardants, wherein the additive is free of chlorine and bromine. The thermoplastic material may optionally comprise a viscosity modifier. The skin layer covers at least a portion of a surface of the porous core layer.
1 . A composite sheet material comprising:
a porous core layer adjacent to skin layer,
wherein the porous core layer comprises a thermoplastic material and 20 to 80 weight percent fibers based on a total weight of the porous core layer,
wherein the thermoplastic material comprises poly(arylene ether) and an additive comprising a flame retardant, smoke emission retardant, a flame and smoke emission retardant or a combination of two or more of the foregoing retardants,
wherein the additive is free of chlorine and bromine,
wherein the thermoplastic material has a low-shear viscosity of less than 6,000 Pa-sec at 290° C., when measured using ASTM 4440 with plate diameter of 2 centimeters and gap width of 2 millimeters at 1.0 l/s frequency and flat plate geometry and wherein the skin layer covers at least a portion of a surface of the porous core layer.
2 . (canceled)
3 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material has a low shear viscosity of less than or equal to 5,000 Pa-sec at 290° C., when measured using ASTM 4440 with plate diameter of 2 centimeters and gap width of 2 millimeters at 1.0 l/s frequency and flat plate geometry.
4 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material has a low shear viscosity of less than or equal to 4,000 Pa-sec at 290° C., when measured using ASTM 4440 with plate diameter of 2 centimeters and gap width of 2 millimeters at 1.0 l/s frequency and flat plate geometry.
5 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the skin comprises a thermoplastic film, a poly(vinyl fluoride) film, an elastomeric film, a metal foil, a thermosetting coating, an inorganic covering, a fiber based scrim, a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric or a combination of two or more of the foregoing materials.
6 . The composite sheet of claim 1 wherein the skin has a limiting oxygen index greater than 22, as measured per ISO 4589.
7 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material further comprises a viscosity modifier.
8 . The composite sheet of claim 7 , wherein the viscosity modifier comprises an alkenyl aromatic polymer, a polyamide, a polyester, a polyolefin, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing viscosity modifiers.
9 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the poly(arylene ether) has an initial weight average molecular weight and a final weight average molecular weight after being exposed to 300° C. for 10 minutes and the ratio of the final molecular weight to the initial molecular weight is less than or equal to 0.5.
10 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the poly(arylene ether is a capped poly(arylene ether).
11 . The composite sheet material of claim 1 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of boric acid, zinc borate, phosphinates, melamine, melamine cyanurate, melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melam, melem, melon, boron phosphate, red phosphorous, organophosphate esters, polyorganosiloxanes, polyorganosiloxanes having a constituent capable of reacting with a carboxyl group, polyorganosiloxanes having a constituent capable of reacting with an amine group, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, alkyl phosphonates, metal dialkyl phosphinate, ammonium polyphosphates, low melting glasses, melamine borate, and a combination containing two or more of the foregoing.
12 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises polyamide and wherein the additive comprises melamine borate, ammonium phosphate, polyorganosiloxane having an amine group, organophosphate ester, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing additives.
13 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises polyolefin and wherein the additive comprises boric acid, melamine cyanurate, melamine borate, ammonium phosphate, organophosphate ester, polyorganosiloxane having an amine group or a combination of two or more of the foregoing additives.
14 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein thermoplastic material comprises greater than or equal to 50 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic material, of poly(arylene ether) and wherein the additive comprises boric acid, zinc borate, melamine borate, ammonium phosphate, organophosphate ester, polyorganosiloxane having an amine group, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing additives.
15 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the poly(arylene ether) comprises a salicylate capped poly(arylene ether).
16 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material comprises polystyrene and wherein the additive comprises an organophosphate ester, boric acid, a polyorganosiloxane having an amine group, zinc borate, melamine borate, ammonium phosphate, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing additives.
17 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the flame and smoke emission retardant contains less than 1,000 parts by weight of total chlorine and bromine per million parts by weight of the thermoplastic material.
18 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the composite sheet has a four minute smoke density, Ds, of less than or equal to 200 when tested in accordance with ASTM E662.
19 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the composite sheet has a four minute smoke density, Ds, of less than or equal to 100 when tested in accordance with ASTM E662.
20 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the composite sheet has a four minute smoke density, Ds, of less than or equal to 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E662.
21 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the poly(arylene ether) comprises a first poly(arylene ether) and a second poly(arylene ether) wherein the first poly(arylene ether) has an initial intrinsic viscosity of greater than or equal to 0.30 dl/g and the second poly(arylene ether) has an initial intrinsic viscosity less than less than or equal to 0.25 dl/g.
22 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the composite sheet is electrically conductive.
23 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein the composite sheet comprises optical fiber.
24 . The composite sheet of claim 1 , wherein thermoplastic material comprises a spherical or particulate elastomeric or plastic material.
25 . A composite sheet material comprising:
a porous core layer having a surface; and
a skin layer adjacent to and in physical contact with at least a portion of the surface of the porous core layer,
wherein the porous core layer comprises discontinuous fibers bonded together with a thermoplastic material comprising poly(arylene ether), wherein the thermoplastic material has a low-shear viscosity of less than 6,000 Pa-sec at 290° C., when measured using ASTM 4440 with plate diameter of 2 centimeters and gap width of 2 millimeters at 1.0 l/s frequency and flat plate geometry,
wherein the porous core has a density of 0.2 grams per cubic centimeter (gm/cm 3 ) to 1.5 gm/cm 3 , and
the skin layer consists of a material having a limiting oxygen index greater than about 22, as measured in accordance with ISO 4589.