METHOD OF HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
A method of removing one or more heavy metals from municipal wastewater by use of a membrane separation process is disclosed. Specifically, the following steps are taken to remove heavy metals from municipal wastewater: (a) collecting a municipal wastewater containing heavy metals in a receptacle suitable to hold said municipal wastewater; (b) adjusting the pH of said system to achieve hydroxide precipitation of said heavy metal in said municipal wastewater; (c) adding an effective amount of a water soluble ethylene dichloride-ammonia polymer having a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 10,000 daltons that contain from about 5 to about 50 mole percent of dithiocarbamate salt groups to react with said heavy metals in said municipal wastewater system; (d) optionally clarifying the treated wastewater from step c; (e) passing said treated municipal wastewater through a submerged membrane, wherein said submerged membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane; and (f) optionally back-flushing said membrane to remove solids from the membrane surface.
1 . A method of removing one or more heavy metals from municipal wastewater by use of a membrane separation process comprising the following steps:
a. collecting a municipal wastewater containing heavy metals in a receptacle suitable to hold said municipal wastewater;
b. adjusting the pH of said system to achieve hydroxide precipitation of said heavy metals in said municipal wastewater;
c. adding an effective amount of a water soluble ethylene dichloride ammonia polymer having a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 10,000 daltons that contain from about 5 to about 50 mole percent of dithiocarbamate salt groups to react with said heavy metals in said municipal wastewater system;
d. optionally clarifying the treated wastewater from step c;
e. passing said treated municipal wastewater through a submerged membrane, wherein said submerged membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane; and
f. optionally back-flushing said membrane to remove solids from the membrane surface.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said effective amount of said water soluble ethylene dichloride ammonia polymer is from 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.
3 . The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of: adjusting the pH of said municipal wastewater systems, after step a and before step b, to de-complex metals from chelants, if present, in said wastewater system and subsequently or simultaneously adding one or more chelant scavengers
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a driving force for passage of said treated municipal wastewater through said submerged membrane is positive or negative pressure.
5 . The method of claim 1 further comprising treating the municipal wastewater with one or more water-soluble polymers after step c and before passing through said submerged membrane.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said ultrafiltration membrane has a pore size in the range of 0.003 to 0.1 μm.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said microfiltration membrane has a pore size in the range of 0.1 to 10 μm.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said membrane is selected from the group consisting of stainless steel or polymeric or inorganic.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the water soluble ethylene dichloride ammonia polymer has a molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 2,000,000 daltons.
10 . The method of claim 5 , wherein said water-soluble polymers are selected from a group consisting of: amphoteric polymers; cationic polymers; zwitterionic polymers; anionic polymers; and a combination thereof.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the amphoteric polymers are selected from the group consisting of: dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt/acrylic acid copolymer, diallyldimethylammonium chloride/acrylic acid copolymer, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride salt/N,N-dimethyl-N-methacrylamidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine copolymer, acrylic acid/N,N-dimethyl-N-methacrylamidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine copolymer and DMAEA.MCQ/Acrylic acid/N,N-dimethyl-N-methacrylamidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine terpolymer.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the dosage of the amphoteric polymers are from about 1 ppm to about 2000 ppm of active solids.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the amphoteric polymers have a molecular weight of about 5,000 to about 2,000,000 daltons.
14 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the amphoteric polymers have a cationic mole charge equivalent to an anionic mole charge equivalent ratio of about 3.0:7.0 to about 9.8:0.2.
15 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the cationic polymers are selected from the group consisting of: polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride; polyethyleneimine; polyepiamine; polyepiamine crosslinked with ammonia or ethylenediamine; condensation polymer of ethylenedichloride and ammonia; condensation polymer of triethanolamine an tall oil fatty acid; poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate sulfuric acid salt); and poly(dimethylaminoethylacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt).
16 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the cationic polymers are copolymers of acrylamide and one or more cationic monomers selected from the group consisting of: diallyldimethylammonium chloride; dimethylaminoethylacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt; dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt; and dimethylaminoethylacrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt.
17 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the dosage of cationic polymers is from about 0.1 ppm to about 1000 ppm active solids.
18 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the cationic polymers have a cationic charge of at least about 2 mole percent.
19 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the cationic polymers have a cationic charge of 100 mole percent.
20 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the cationic polymers have a molecular weight of about 2,000 to about 10,000,000 daltons.
21 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the cationic polymers have a molecular weight of about 20,000 to 2,000,000 daltons.
22 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the zwitterionic polymers are composed of about 1 to about 99 mole percent of N,N-dimethyl-N-methacrylamidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine and about 99 to about 1 mole percent of one or more nonionic monomers.
23 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the submerged membrane separation process is selected from the group consisting of: a cross-flow membrane separation process; semi-dead end flow membrane separation process; and a dead-end flow membrane separation process.
24 . The method of claim 1 further comprising: passing a filtrate from said membrane through an additional membrane.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein said additional membrane is a reverse osmosis membrane.
26 . The method of claim 24 , wherein said additional membrane is a nanofiltration membrane.
27 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said submerged membrane has a configuration selected from the group consisting of: a hollow fiber configuration; a flat plate configuration; or a combination thereof.
28 . The method of claim 5 , wherein said water soluble polymers have a molecular weight from 10,000 to about 2,000,000 daltons.
29 . The method of claim 10 , wherein cationic polymers have a cationic charge between 20 mole percent and 50 mole percent.
30 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the heavy metals in said municipal wastewater are selected from the group consisting of: Pb; Cu; Zn; Cd; Ni; Hg; Ag; Co; Pd; Sn; Sb; Ba; Be; or a combination thereof.
31 . The method of claim 3 wherein said pH adjustment after step a and before step b is to less than 4.
32 . The method of claim 3 wherein said chelant scavengers contain Ca or Mg or Al or Fe.
33 . The method of claim 32 wherein said chelant scavenger containing Fe is selected from the group consisting of: ferrous chloride; ferrous sulfate; ferric chloride; ferric sulfate; or a combination thereof.