MULTIPLE-LAYER FLUID FUEL APPARATUS
A multi-layer shell is configured to provide a fuel tank and a fuel tank filler neck. One layer has a low-permeation material configured to inhibit hydrocarbon permeation.
1 . A pipe consisting essentially of two-layers, the two-layers comprising
an exterior side wall providing a first layer,
an interior barrier layer providing a second layer and being located interior of the exterior side wall, the interior barrier layer including an interior surface defining and surrounding a fluid passageway formed by the interior barrier layer, and
means for chemically bonding an interior surface of the exterior side wall to an exterior surface of the interior barrier layer, wherein the interior barrier layer is made of a low-permeation material which acts to contain within the exterior side wall any fuel vapor flowing in the fluid passageway so that hydrocarbon material associated with that fuel vapor is retained in the fluid passageway.
2 . The pipe of claim 1 , wherein the interior barrier layer is made of polyarylamide (PAA) and the exterior side wall is made of a high-density polyethylene alloy (HDPE alloy).
3 . The pipe of claim 1 , wherein the interior barrier layer is made of one of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyarylamide (PAA), polyphthalimide (PPA), polyphenylene sulfide alloy (PPS), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
4 . The pipe of claim 3 , wherein the exterior side wall is made of one of high-density polyethylene alloy (HDPE alloy) and polypropylene alloy (PP alloy).
5 . The pipe of claim 3 , wherein the interior barrier layer further comprises at least one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and stainless steel fibers to cause the interior barrier layer to be electrically conductive and to act as a grounding conduit for static electricity generated by any fuel vapor and liquid fuel flowing in the fluid passageway.
6 . The pipe of claim 1 , wherein the exterior side wall, interior barrier layer, and means for chemically bonding cooperate to form a fill pipe included in a fuel tank filler neck and formed to include one end adapted to mate with a fuel tank and an opposite end adapted to mate with a pipe closure cap.
7 . The pipe of claim 6 , in combination with an auxiliary pipe consisting essentially of two-layers, the two-layers comprising
an exterior side wall providing a first layer,
an interior barrier layer providing a second layer and being located interior of the exterior side wall of the auxiliary pipe, the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe including an interior surface defining and surrounding an auxiliary fluid passageway formed in the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe,
means for chemically bonding an interior surface of the exterior side wall of the auxiliary pipe to an exterior surface of the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe, wherein the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe is made of a low-permeation material which acts to contain within the exterior side wall of the auxiliary pipe any fuel vapor flowing in the auxiliary fluid passageway so that hydrocarbon material associated with that fuel vapor is retained in the auxiliary fluid passageway, and
a web interconnecting the exterior side walls of the pipe and of the auxiliary pipe.
8 . A pipe consisting essentially of three-layers, the three-layers comprising
an exterior side wall providing a first layer,
an interior barrier layer providing a second layer and being located interior of the exterior side wall, the interior barrier layer including an interior surface defining and surrounding a fluid passageway formed in the interior barrier layer,
an intermediate adhesive layer providing a third layer and being interposed between the exterior side wall and the interior barrier layer,
first means for chemically bonding an exterior surface of the interior barrier layer to the intermediate adhesive layer, and
second means for chemically bonding an interior surface of the exterior side wall to the intermediate adhesive layer, wherein the interior barrier layer is made of a low-permeation material which acts to contain within the exterior side wall any fuel vapor flowing in the fluid passageway so that hydrocarbon material associated with that fuel vapor is retained in the fluid passageway.
9 . The pipe of claim 8 , wherein the adhesive layer is made of an HDPE alloy, the interior barrier layer is made of polyarylamide (PAA), and the exterior side wall is made of a high-density polyethylene alloy (HDPE alloy).
10 . The pipe of claim 9 , wherein the HDPE alloy included in the adhesive layer comprises HDPE and at least one of maleic anhydride grafted polymers and ionmers characterized by an affinity to bond to the interior barrier layer.
11 . The pipe of claim 8 , wherein the interior barrier layer is made of one of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyarylamide (PAA), polyphthalimide (PPA), polyphenylene sulfide alloy (PPS), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
12 . The pipe of claim 11 , wherein the exterior side wall is made of one of high-density polyethylene alloy (HDPE alloy) and polypropylene alloy (PP alloy).
13 . The pipe of claim 11 , wherein the interior barrier layer further comprises at least one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and stainless steel fibers to cause the interior barrier layer to be electrically conductive and to act as a grounding conduit for static electricity generated by any fuel vapor and liquid fuel flowing in the fluid passageway.
14 . The pipe of claim 8 , wherein the exterior side wall, intermediate barrier layer, intermediate adhesive layer, and first and second means for chemically bonding cooperate to form a fill pipe included in a fuel tank feather neck and formed to include one end adapted to mate with a fuel tank and an opposite end adapted to mate with a pipe closure cap.
15 . The pipe of claim 14 , in combination with an auxiliary pipe consisting essentially of three-layers, the three-layers comprising
an exterior side wall providing a first layer,
an interior barrier layer providing a second layer and being located interior of the exterior side wall of the auxiliary pipe, the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe including an interior surface defining and surrounding a fluid passageway formed in the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe,
an intermediate adhesive layer providing a third layer and being interposed between the exterior side wall of the auxiliary pipe and the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe,
first means for chemically bonding an exterior surface of the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe to the intermediate adhesive layer of the auxiliary pipe,
second means for chemically bonding an interior surface of the exterior side wall of the auxiliary pipe to the intermediate adhesive layer, wherein the interior barrier layer of the auxiliary pipe is made of a low-permeation material which acts to contain within the exterior side wall of the auxiliary pipe any fuel vapor flowing in the auxiliary fluid passageway so that hydrocarbon material associated with that fuel vapor is retained in the auxiliary fluid passageway, and
with a web interconnecting the exterior side walls of the pipe and the auxiliary pipe.
16 . A fuel tank consisting essentially of two-layers, the two-layers comprising
an exterior wall providing a first layer,
an interior barrier layer providing a second layer and being located in an interior region defined by the exterior wall, the interior barrier layer including an interior surface defining and surrounding a fuel-storage reservoir formed in the interior barrier layer, and
means for chemically bonding an interior surface of the exterior wall to an exterior surface of the interior barrier layer, wherein the interior barrier layer is made of a low-permeation material which acts to contain within the exterior wall any liquid fuel and fuel vapor extant in the fuel-storage reservoir so that hydrocarbon material associated with that fuel vapor is retained in the fuel-storage reservoir.
17 . The fuel tank of claim 16 , wherein the interior barrier layer is made of polyarylamide (PAA) and the exterior side wall is made of a high-density polyethylene alloy (HDPE alloy).
18 . The fuel tank of claim 16 , wherein the interior barrier layer is made of one of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyarylamide (PAA), polyphthalimide (PPA), polyphenylene sulfide alloy (PPS), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
19 . The fuel tank of claim 18 , wherein the exterior wall is made of one of high-density polyethylene alloy (HDPE alloy and polypropylene alloy (PP alloy).
20 . The fuel tank of claim 18 , wherein the interior barrier layer further comprises at least one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and stainless steel fibers to cause the interior barrier layer to be electrically conductive and to act as a grounding conduit for static electricity generated for any fuel vapor and liquid fuel moving in the fuel-storage reservoir.
21 . A fuel tank consisting essentially of three-layers, the three-layers comprising
an exterior wall providing a first layer,
an interior barrier layer providing a second layer and being located in an interior region defined by the exterior wall, the interior barrier layer including an interior surface defining and surrounding a fuel-storage region formed in the interior barrier layer,
an intermediate adhesive layer interposed between the exterior wall and the interior barrier layer,
first means for chemically bonding an exterior surface of the interior barrier layer to the intermediate adhesive layer, and
second means for chemically bonding an interior surface of the exterior side wall to the intermediate adhesive layer, wherein the interior barrier layer is made of a low-permeation material which acts to contain within the exterior side wall any fuel vapor flowing in the fluid passageway so that hydrocarbon material associated with that fuel vapor is retained in the fluid passageway.
22 . The fuel tank of claim 21 , wherein the adhesive layer is made of an HDPE alloy, the interior barrier layer is made of polyarylamide (PAA), and the exterior side wall is made of a high-density polyethylene alloy (HDPE alloy).
23 . The fuel tank of claim 22 , wherein the HDPE alloy included in the adhesive layer comprises HDPE and at least one of maleic anhydride grafted polymers and ionmers characterized by an affinity to bond to the interior barrier layer.
24 . The fuel tank of claim 21 , wherein the interior barrier layer is made of one of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyarylamide (PAA), polyphthalimide (PPA), polyphenylene sulfide alloy (PPS), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
25 . The fuel tank of claim 24 , wherein the exterior side wall is made of one of high-density polyethylene alloy (HDPE alloy) and polypropylene alloy (PP alloy).
26 . The fuel tank of claim 24 , wherein the interior barrier layer further comprises at least one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and stainless steel fibers to cause the interior barrier layer to be electrically conductive and to act as a grounding conduit for static electricity generated for any fuel vapor and liquid fuel moving in the fuel-storage reservoir.